明治时期的藩阀与政党——以民意为中心  

An Analysis of Hanbatsu and Parties in Meiji Japan:Centering on the Issue of Opinion

作　　者：张东[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学日本研究院,天津300071

出　　处：《外国问题研究》2013年第1期49-54,共6页FOREIGN HISTORY STUDIES

摘　　要：明治维新后,如何处理官民关系,并将民意有效反映在政治上,是政府的一大课题。在福泽谕吉等人看来,只有官民协调,政府积极向民众解释政策方向,在官民互动中把握民意,才能形成好的社会风气,政府才能巩固。议会召开之后,官民关系表现为政府与政党的关系,二者在议会中对抗、妥协,各自标榜对民意的占有。藩阀政府的"超然主义"因自身解释的不足、民党强势反对等,无法充分实现;而民党因组织程序、政务能力等,亦不能有效集约民意,获取支持。经过初期议会的交锋,民党自省以图改革,而伊藤博文亦高唱政党改良,二者趋向一致,最终实现了政友会的成立。In the wake of Meiji Restoration, how to handle the relation between the government and the public and to reflect the opinion on politics became new government＇s major tasks. According to Fukuzawa Yukichi,only by achieving a good coordination of the government and the public in which the former actively strives to explain its policies to the latter and grasp the public opinion in their interactions,would a sound social atmosphere be cultivated and the government rest stable. After the opening of the parliament, the government-public relationship was typified by that of government and public political parties as both sides competed with each other to advocate their own representation of the public opinion in alternate acts of confrontation and concession. The ＂detachment＂ sung by the Hanbatsu government was unable to be fully effective due to its own inadequacy of interpretation and the strong opposition from political parties while the latter was also incapable of harnessing public opinion to obtain broad support owing to inadequacies in organizational procedure and operational political ability. After initial rounds of parliamentary struggle, the public political parties started to make more self-examinations, aiming at internal reforms, and the government headed by Ito Hirofumi also made conciliatory gestures of political reform. The two sides started to assume more common grounds which eventually led to the establishment of Seiyukai.

关 键 词：官民关系 民意 超然主义 民党 

分 类 号：K313.41[历史地理—历史学] D731.3[历史地理—世界史]