长江流域湿地自然保护区分布现状及存在的问题  

Distribution Status of Wetland Nature Reserves and the Problems in Yangtze River Watershed

作　　者：燕然然[1,2] 蔡晓斌[1,3] 王学雷[1,3] 厉恩华[1,3] 邓帆[1,2] 李辉[1,2] 姜刘志[1,2] 赵素婷[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所,湖北武汉430077 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]环境与灾害监测评估湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430077

出　　处：《湿地科学》2013年第1期136-144,共9页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171426和41101427);测绘遥感信息工程国家重点实验室开放基金项目[(11)重01];湖北省自然科学基金重点项目(2011CDA075);中国气象局气候变化专项项目(CCSF201205)资助

摘　　要：为了加强长江流域湿地的保护,更好地维持长江流域湿地生态系统的稳定,利用空间信息技术,分析长江流域的湿地自然保护区数量、密度和距离上的空间分布差异,以及自然保护区级别及其主管部门的组成结构差异,研究长江流域各子流域内湿地自然保护区分布格局。依据长江流域各省人均湿地拥有率指数和相对人均国内生产总值(Gross Domestic Product,简称GDP)等参数,对长江流域各省潜在的湿地保护压力与保护能力进行评估。在空间分析的基础上,结合实际的湿地自然保护区调查,探讨了长江流域湿地自然保护区目前存在的主要问题。针对长江流域内湿地自然保护区分布不均、自然保护区之间发展不协调、土地权属无保障和自然保护区分类与管理混乱等问题提出了相关的湿地保护建议。As an important ecosystem,wetland performs many vital ecological functions including flood protection,water purification and wildlife habitats.Yangtze River is the largest river of China and harbors massive tributaries and lakes in different geomorphologic units,which makes its watershed as a crucial wetlands distribution area of China.Nature reserve is proved as a successful and wide used mode to protect wetlands.To strengthen the protection of wetlands and optimize the management and arrangement of wetlands nature reserves（WNRs）,the study explored the spatial pattern of WNRs and potential problem about it in Yangtze River watershed through spatial analysis methods.Disparity of biotopes occurs in different sub-watersheds for their individual climate,hydrologic and terrain status.The SRTM DEM was utilized to divide twelve sub-wa tersheds according to the national technique standard of wetlands investigation.The quantity,density,grading and mutual distance of WNRs were statistically calculating based on the twelve sub-watersheds.The results shows WNRs distributed obvious unevenly in different sub-watersheds of Yangtze River watershed.Dongting watershed is the largest sub-watersheds of Yangtze River but the number of WNRs located in it didn＇t comport with the area of it.No one national grading WNR was designated to represent their unique biotopes in three sub-watersheds including Jialingjiang,Mintuojiang and Taihu.The largest number of WNRs located in Poyang watersheds while the majority of them are in county grading and some of them are distributed too near to less than the 5% of the average mutual distance of all WNRs in Yangtze River watersheds.Based on the component structure of WNRs in Yangtze Riber watersheds,the WNR aimed to rare animal protection is the most component in the nine types of nature reserve system.The WNR aimed to protection the wetlands ecosystem lists as the second most components.Provincial administration plays a key role in the management of WNRs and the strategy of wetland protection

关 键 词：长江流域 湿地自然保护区 空间信息技术 分布现状 保护问题 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学]