洞庭湖区钉螺及疫情的空间分布与水环境质量关系  

Spatial distribution of snail and schistosomiasis and its relationship with the water environment quality in Dongting Lake region

作　　者：李忠武[1,2] 张艳[1,2] 崔明[3] 周金星[3] 石林[4] 郭亮[1,2] 袁敏[1,2] 张燕[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南大学环境科学与工程学院,长沙410082 [2]湖南大学环境生物与控制教育部重点实验室,长沙410082 [3]中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所,北京100091 [4]湖南省水利水电科学研究所,长沙410007

出　　处：《地理研究》2013年第3期403-412,共10页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41071344);教育部新世纪人才项目(NECT-09-330)

摘　　要：在地理信息系统空间分析模块的支持下,对洞庭湖区钉螺及疫情的空间分布特征及其原因进行了深入探讨,并对两者之间的关系进行了研究;同时,通过对洞庭湖营养状态的评价,对钉螺及疫情分布与水环境质量的关系进行了研究。结果表明:洞庭湖区螺情及疫情呈现出比较复杂的空间分布特征,表现为益阳市南县及其周围地区以及长沙市望城区居民感染率和钉螺感染率均偏低;岳阳市临湘市的居民感染率与钉螺感染率之间、岳阳市湘阴县的居民感染率、耕牛感染率与钉螺感染率之间呈负相关关系;各监测点钉螺分布与疫情分布之间没有显著的相关性;洞庭湖水体的富营养化现象有利于钉螺的生存,一定程度上将加剧疫情的控制难度。Through the use of spatial analysis module of geographic information system （GIS）, the paper aimed to characterize the spatial distribution of snail intermediate host and schistosomiasis in Dongting Lake region and analyse the relationship between the distribution of the snail host and schistosomiasis. Furthermore, the paper explores the relationship between the distribution of snail and schistosomiasis and water quality based on the evaluation of the nutrition state of the Dongting Lake. The result indicated that the spatial distribution of snail and schistosomiasis in Dongting Lake region showed substantial heterogeneities-infections of humans and snails were lower in Nanxian County of Yiyang city and its surrounding regions and Wangcheng County of Changsha city; whereas in Linxiang and Xiangyin counties of Yueyang City, human infection, snail and cattle infections showed a negative correlation. No significant correlation was found between snail and human schistosomiasis infections at each monitoring site. The study found that the eutrophication level in water of Dongting Lake was favorable to survival of snails, which may complicate the efforts to control the snail intermediate host.

关 键 词：钉螺 血吸虫病 地理信息系统 单因子水质标识指数法 水体富营养化 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学] P208[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]