紫花苜蓿的航天诱变  

Preliminary study on the space mutation breeding of alfalfa

作　　者：杨红善[1] 常根柱[1] 包文生 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所,甘肃兰州730050 [2]甘肃省航天育种工程技术中心,甘肃天水741030

出　　处：《草业科学》2013年第2期253-258,共6页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所)--苜蓿航天诱变新品种选育(1610322010002)

摘　　要：航天诱变育种是以高科技返回式卫星为平台的新兴育种方法,其目的是利用太空的特殊环境使种子遗传信号发生改变,地面种植后,获得有益突变体,选育新种质、新材料和培育新品种的植物育种技术。航天育种已在小麦(Triticum aestivum)、水稻(Oryza sativa)、辣椒(Capsicumspp.)、番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)等农作物及蔬菜上被广泛应用,且已通过国家或省级鉴定了72个品种,我国的航天育种走在世界前列,但牧草航天育种尚处于初始阶段,主要集中于紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)方面的相关研究。本文简要阐述紫花苜蓿航天诱变研究的自身特点,以及目前我国紫花苜蓿航天诱变研究进展,并提出当前存在的问题。Boarding crop seeds on recoverable satellites to induce novel variety has become an important characteristic of space mutation breeding.It is a new breeding technique,using a special space environment on seeds,which could cause the release of chromosomal aberration and gain favorable gene mutation to breed new varieties in ground.Space mutation breeding has been widely used on the many crops and vegetables,such as wheat,rice,pepper,tomato and 72 varieties have been identified by nation or provinces.China leads the world in space breeding,but the research on pasture space breeding is still in its initial stages with a focuse on the alfalfa.This paper briefly elaborated the space mutation breeding on alfalfa and the current problems.

关 键 词：紫花苜蓿 航天育种 变异类型 

分 类 号：S541.9[农业科学—作物学]