海水循环养殖系统水处理工艺综述  

Water treatment processes in marine recirculating aquaculture systems: A review

作　　者：姜妍君[1] 强志民[1] 董慧峪[1] 贲伟伟[1] 王磊[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境水质学国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]北京海洋馆水族维生设备部水质检测和控制中心,北京100081

出　　处：《环境化学》2013年第3期410-418,共9页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：北京市教育委员会重点学科共建项目资助

摘　　要：论述了海水循环养殖系统(RAS)需要控制的水质参数及相关单元水处理工艺.RAS需要对盐度、pH、温度、溶解氧等水质参数进行监测控制,并常采用物理、生物、化学处理的组合工艺,使固体物质、氨氮、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、有机物以及致病微生物等的浓度维持在安全范围内.固体物质根据粒径和可沉降性的不同,可采用沉降、过滤、泡沫分离或生物过滤法去除;氨氮、亚硝酸盐以及硝酸盐主要通过生物的硝化和反硝化作用去除;有机物主要通过生物降解去除;化学药剂消毒以及紫外辐照是RAS常用的消毒方法,消毒剂残余及消毒副产物对水质和动物健康的影响是选择合适消毒方法需要考虑的两个关键因素.最后,列举了几种海水RAS常用的组合处理工艺,并提出了针对性的改进建议.This paper reviews the key water quality parameters and the related unit treatment processes in marine recirculating aquaculture systems（RAS）.Besides routinely monitoring and controlling salinity,pH,temperature,and dissolved oxygen,RAS usually adopts physical,chemical and biological combinational treatment processes to reduce the concentrations of solid particles,ammonia nitrogen,nitrite,nitrate,organic matter and pathogens.Solid particles can be removed by sedimentation,filtration,foam fractionation or biofiltration according to different particle sizes and settlabilities.Ammonia nitrogen,nitrite and nitrate are mainly removed by biological nitrification and denitrification.Organic matter can be decomposed by microorganisms.Chemical oxidants and ultraviolet radiation are commonly-used disinfection methods in RAS.Disinfectant residue and disinfection byproducts,two critical factors impacting water quality and animal health,should be primarily concerned when selecting appropriate disinfection method.Finally,several commonly-adopted combinational treatment processes for RAS are exemplified with suggestions for future improvement provided.

关 键 词：海水循环养殖系统 水质参数 处理工艺 消毒副产物 

分 类 号：X714[环境科学与工程—环境工程]