中国天山西部那拉提山地区多年冻土分布特征  

Distribution and Characteristics of Permafrost in Nalati Mountain, Western Tianshan Mountians in China

作　　者：俞祁浩[1] 游艳辉[1] 阎海[2] 刘熙峰[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冻土工程国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国电力工程顾问集团西北电力设计院,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2013年第1期10-18,共9页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171059)资助

摘　　要：那拉提山位于中国天山西部,其冻土变化过程对区域自然环境变化、工程活动产生重要互馈作用.结合即将修建的新疆伊(宁)-库(车)输电线路前期的冻土勘察结果,对那拉提山地区冻土分布特性、主要影响因素等进行了探讨.结果表明:那拉提山地区冻土分布属于典型的山地多年冻土,冻土发育区域、冻土类型和地下冰空间发育特征及冻土温度状况等主要受到海拔、地形地貌、地表水分条件等因素的影响和控制.同时,该地区大量发育有泥流阶地、泥流舌、热融滑塌、石环、石河等冰缘现象.受坡向、植被、水分等因素影响,区域内冻土活动层厚度为0.7～4.5m,随着海拔增加,冻土厚度由阳坡连续多年冻土下界(海拔3 000m)附近的约20～22m增加到海拔3 300m附近的约70～100m.自1985年以来,区域年平均气温上升(约0.088℃.a-1),该区域内的冻土退化趋势明显.Nalati Mountain is located in the western Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang Region,China.The permafrost changing process in this region influences the natural environment and engineering activities.Owing to many factors,such as transportation difficulties and scarcity of previous human activities,there are few researches about the permafrost and environment in this area.The permafrost distribution characteristics in Nalati Mountain and their main impact factors are studied systematically,combining with permafrost investigation of a transmission line which will be built from Yining to Kuche.It is found that permafrost in this region is typical mountain permafrost,of which the development area,types,ground ice characteristics and thermal regime all depend on altitude,topography and swamp condition.Any change in altitude,topography and swamp condition will result in change in permafrost distribution,permafrost type and ground ice.Meanwhile,there are many periglacial phenomena developing,such as solifluction terraces,solifluction lobes,stone rings and block streams.Depending on slope aspect,vegetation,water and other factors,the active layer depth varies from 0.7 m to 4.5 m,and the thickness of permafrost on south slopes increases from about 20~22 m at the lower limit(3 000 m) of continuous permafrost to 70~100 m at the altitude of 3 300 m.According to temperature data,it is found that regional annual mean air temperature has rapidly increased since 1985,with a rate of about 0.088 ℃·a-1.Therefore,some features of permafrost degradation can be seen,such as ground temperature rising,degradation of marsh wetland and vegetation and detachment of frozen ground.

关 键 词：那拉提山 多年冻土 分布 特性 

分 类 号：P642.14[天文地球—工程地质学]