不同水肥耦合下棉花土壤氮素转化规律  

Pattern of soil nitrogen conversion of cotton under different water and fertilizer coupling conditions

作　　者：贾正茂[1,2] 崔远来[1] 刘方平 许亚群 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]黄河勘测规划设计有限公司,河南郑州450003 [3]江西省灌溉试验中心站,江西南昌330201

出　　处：《武汉大学学报（工学版）》2013年第2期164-169,共6页Engineering Journal of Wuhan University

基　　金：水利部"948"项目(编号:200921)

摘　　要：应用气压过程分离(BaPS)方法研究了江西棉花在不同水肥耦合下的土壤总硝化、反硝化和呼吸速率.结果表明:不同水肥处理下土壤的化学成分含量明显不同,减少灌水有利于有机质、硝态氮、有效磷的形成,增加灌水则有利于铵态氮的形成,增加施氮肥有利于全氮、硝态氮、全钾的形成,土壤酸度减小;水处理对土壤铵态氮影响高度显著,对硝态氮、pH影响显著;肥处理对土壤全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、pH影响高度显著,对全钾影响显著;水肥交互只对铵态氮影响高度显著;氮肥和一定范围内灌水的增加都有利于硝化和反硝化作用;最适合硝化细菌活动的土壤体积含水率范围为20%～30%;土壤温度和速效氮的含量是影响总硝化速率的2个主要因素.The barometric process separation （BaPS） technique are used to determine soil gross nitrification rates and denitrification rates and respiration rates of the cotton in Jiangxi province under different water and fertilizer coupling conditions. The results show that the soil chemical contents under different water and fertilizer coupling conditions are obvious different; soil organic matter and nitrate N and available P are more with less irrigation; however ammonium N are more with more irrigation. Total N and nitrate N and total P are more with more fertilizer; but acid soil decreased. More N fertilizer and more irrigation in a cer- tain range could be used to improve nitrification and denitrification. The nitrification rate is in a high level and become stable under 20 percent to 30 percent of soil volumetric moisture content which is best suited for bacteria. Two factors influencing the gross nitrification rate are the soil temperature and the content of available nitrogen.

关 键 词：棉花 总硝化速率 反硝化速率 呼吸速率 气压过程分离 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]