林下经济的主要模式及优劣分析  

The analysis of the qualities of economics under forest storey

作　　者：丁国龙 谭著明[2] 申爱荣[2] 

机构地区：[1]沅江市林业局,湖南沅江413100 [2]湖南省林业科学院,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《湖南林业科技》2013年第2期52-55,共4页Hunan Forestry Science & Technology

基　　金：国家林业局林下经济研究专项(201301)

摘　　要：从生态结构、资源利用特点、操作便利性、副效应等方面分析了近年国内几种主要林下经济模式的优劣。林药模式基本上没有种间矛盾,但不适合大规模经营;林菌模式适应种类多且地域广,但对栽培区水源条件、交通条件要求较高;林禽模式宜根据不同禽种生态习性择地饲养和轮养,应特别注意解决污染和疫病问题;林草、畜模式宜将林下种草和动物圈养结合起来,防患面源污染和疫病,防止对林地土壤扰动太大;林虫(蜂)模式中适合发展的经济昆虫较多,应根据各地传统习惯和加工能力,分项发展;林花模式中,适合林下种植的花卉和荫生植物较多,这一模式相对而言,对林地的干扰较少,是自然界中自然存在的一类群落结构,合理性较好。以上各种经济模式各有特点,各见其长,均可供林权主发展林下经济时甄别选择。林下经济发展应遵循生态优先原则,注意群落种间关系的协调。林下经济物种不可生硬拼凑,本木倒置。各模式的推广应充分考虑气候、市场等地域特点。文章还介绍了一种菌根性食用菌模式。菌根性食用菌与多种树木有天然的共生关系,且多是市场俏销的种类。利用已经发展成熟的栽培技术提高林下菌根性食用菌栽培集约化程度,可实现多年持续高产、高效益,且对林地的人为干预最少,能很好地保护林地生物多样性。这是其它模式所不具备的优势。因此,认为菌根性食用菌模式是目前最能兼顾生态与经济效益,前景良好的林下经济模式。This article explores the quality of recent major under-forest economic modes in China based on the analyses of their ecological structures, resource utilizing features, operational feasibility and side effects. Research conducted on the forest mode with medicinal herbs has showed that under this mode, different biological species would not conflict with each other but could not he produced in large scales; Various species and extensive distributions are adapted to forest mode with mushrooms, but there are great demands for water resources and traffic condition; For the forest mode with poultry, ways of feeding and alternate culture should be taken into account according to the habits and characteristics of poultry species, and non-peint pollution and epidemic prevention are of great concern; Both grazing and stock feeding should be combined for forest modes with herbage and stock so that the non-point pollution and epidemic diseases are expected to be prevented and the disturbance to forest land could be avoided; Tremendous economic insects are available to forest mode with insects, but only applicable with proper local traditions and processing technique. Considerable number of flowers and shade plants are fit for under forest storey environment, and seldom interfere with forest land, which are considered naturally, reasonably existed. Each economic mode above has its unique merits, offering wide choices for every forest property owner. In a word, ecology always takes the priority in the development of under forest economic modes and the special attention should be paid to the relations arnong species in a community. The species under forest storey should not be combined stiffly, or rut the cart before the horse. The localcharacteristics ranging from weather to market should be taken into account before the promotion of each mode. The mode of ectomycorrhizal mushroom （EM） culture is also introduced in this paper. EM embraces high value in the markets both at home and abroad, which symbiosis with many specie

关 键 词：林下经济 模式 生态优先 菌根性食用菌 

分 类 号：S789[农业科学—林学]