我国当前城乡差距的历史背景与主要特征  

Historical Background and Essential Characteristics of the Current Rural-Urban Gap of China

作　　者：刘昌用[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆工商大学长江上游经济研究中心,重庆400067 [2]伦敦大学亚非学院

出　　处：《西部论坛》2012年第3期1-10,共10页West Forum

基　　金：重庆市发展改革委员会重点课题"内陆开放战略对城乡差距的影响研究"

摘　　要：工业化、市场化和全球化是当前我国城乡差距的三大历史背景。市场化改革推动我国的工业化道路从计划性和跨越式转向自发性和渐进式,总体上取得了成功,而融入全球化潮流则加速了这一过程。但是,涉农领域市场化的滞后造成了我国工业化进程的短板——农村劳动力和人口的稳定城市化滞后。随着城市对农民工限制的取消、农业税的取消和城乡社会保障体系一体化速度的加快,户籍制度的实际影响大大削弱,农村土地制度才是深化涉农领域市场化改革的关键。由于市场化与全球化进程中区域发展的不均衡,中西部地区是当前我国涉农领域市场化改革的重点和难点地区。Industrialization,marketization and globalization are the three most important historical backgrounds of urban and rural gap in China.The reform of marketization conversed the industrialization mode of planned and leapfrogging-style to spontaneous and incremental mode and was generally successful.This progress was promoted as China took part in the globalization.But there is still a shortcoming caused by industrialization because of the marketization lag related to agricultural field,stabilized urbanization lag of rural labor and rural population.With the elimination of the urban limitation to rural migrant workers,with the elimination of agricultural tax,and with the acceleration of urban and rural social security integration,the impact of household register system has been less and less and rural land system is the key to deepening marketization reform related to agricultural field.Because of imbalance of regional development in the process of marketization and globalization,central and western regions of China are important and difficult regions in China＇s marketization reform related to agricultural field.

关 键 词：城乡差距 工业化 市场化 全球化 地区差距 经济体制改革 涉农领域市场化改革 农村土地制度改革 

分 类 号：F124.7[经济管理—世界经济]