干旱区内陆河流域景观格局及其与环境因子的关系研究——以石羊河流域为例  

Spatial Gradient Pattern of Landscapes and Their Relations with Environmental Factors in the Inland River Basin of Arid Regions: A Case of Shiyang River Basin

作　　者：宫继萍[1] 石培基[1] 杨雪梅[1] 吴文婕[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《土壤》2013年第1期143-151,共9页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40971078)资助

摘　　要：基于GIS技术,利用移动窗口法,首先分析了1987年、2000年、2010年石羊河流域整体景观格局及其时空分异特征;然后根据2000年流域本身自然地理梯度特点,分别沿河流流向梯度(Tr1)和垂直于河流流向梯度(Tr2)设置了两条样带,采样间隔为1 km,获得了景观沿两个样带方向的梯度格局特征;最后,以高程、降水、气温、人口和GDP为环境因子,以景观格局指数为目标物种,利用RDA方法研究了景观梯度格局与环境因子的关系。结果表明:①石羊河流域内景观基质为未利用地;②流域景观格局指数值分布呈现明显的自南向北的梯度差异,③景观格局指数在Tr1和Tr2样带上均有明显变化。Tr1样带2010年的景观格局指数值明显低于1987年,Tr2样带景观格局指数值时间变化不明显;④RDA分析表明:景观梯度格局与环境因子关系密切,Tr1样带景观梯度格局与高程、降水、温度相关性较好,Tr2样带景观梯度格局与温度、人口、GDP相关性相对较强。Based on GIS technology and moving window method, the characteristics of landscape pattern and its spatio-temporal variations of Shiyang River basin in 1987, 2000 and 2010 were analyzed. According to characteristics of natural geographic gradient of basin in 2000, two transects were set up with a sampling interval of 1 km, one was along river＇s flow direction （Trl） and the other was perpendicular to river＇s flow direction （Tr2）. The elevation, precipitation, temperature, population and GDP were taken as the environmental factors and the landscape pattern indices as the target species, the pattern of landscape gradients with environmental factors was studied by redundancy analysis of constrained ordination methods （RDA）. The results showed that： 1） Unused land, accounting for a half of the total landscape, composed a major part and were the landscape matrix in Shiyang River Basin during the study period; 2） Compared to 1987, the distribution of the landscape pattern index values showed significant differences from south to north gradients in 2010, blocks dominated the landscape structures in the basin with structures in the forms of ring or banded （corridor） dispersed on it; 3） The landscape pattern indices in vertical and horizontal gradient were significant different, landscape pattern indices of Trl in 2010 was significantly lower than in 1987, while landscape pattern indices of Tr2 did not change significantly with the time; 4） The gradient changes of landscape pattern indices and environmental factors were closely correlated, gradient pattern of landscapes in Trl transect was closely correlated with elevation, precipitation and temperature, while gradient pattern of landscapes in Tr2 transect was closely correlated with temperature, population and GDP.

关 键 词：景观 梯度格局 环境因子 移动窗口 石羊河流域 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学]