蒙古野驴(Equus hemionus)昼间行为时间分配初探  

Diurnal time budgets and activity rhythm of the Khulan

作　　者：刘伟[1,2] 杨维康[2] 黄怡[4] 徐文轩[2,3] 林杰[2,3] 夏参军[2,3] 徐峰[2] David Blank[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学生命科学学院,四川成都610064 [2]中国科学院干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室,中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [4]新疆石油学院基础科学系,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2012年第4期607-614,共8页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：科技部国际合作项目(2010DFA92720);中国意大利国际合作项目(0866031);中国科学院外国专家特聘研究员计划(2009Z2-5)

摘　　要：于2007年和2010年采用焦点动物取样法研究了新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物保护区蒙古野驴昼间行为时间分配和活动节律,共采集行为数据460 h,观察蒙古野驴2 760头次,将蒙古野驴昼间行为分为采食、移动、警戒、休息和"其他"5类。采用卡方检验分析不同季节各种行为时间分配,结果表明:季节因素对蒙古野驴行为时间分配存在极显著影响(χ2=79.06,df=12,P<0.01)。采用ANOVA分析同季节不同行为间差异,结果表明,春季:移动、警戒、"其他"两两间无显著差异(P>0.05),其余两两间差异显著(P<0.05);夏季:仅移动与"其他"间无显著差异(P>0.05);秋冬季:仅警戒与"其他"间无显著差异(P>0.05)。对蒙古野驴昼间活动节律研究结果表明,蒙古野驴采食时间比例在春季各时段均较高(>45%),仅中午(14:00～15:00)有1个低谷(27.62%),夏秋季则为晨昏采食模式,冬季采食峰值(87.85%)在中午时段(13:00～14:00)。休息和采食高峰在各季节交叉出现,呈现此消彼长的趋势。各季节移动主要发生在晨昏时段。蒙古野驴以特定的行为时间分配模式和活动节律适应环境条件季节性变化,如气候条件、食物资源、人为干扰、生理期、昼间长度、捕食风险等。The diurnal behaviors （ including foraging, moving, vigilance, resting, and ＂others＂ ） of Khulan （ Equus hemionus） were observed in the Kalamaili Mountain Nature Reserve in 2007 and 2010. The diurnal behavioral time budgets and activity rhythm were studied by focal-sampling method. A total of 460 hours worth of data was collected. The paper used Chi-square tests to evaluate differences in the diurnal behaviors of in each season. The results indicated that all behaviors differed （Х^2 = 79.06, df = 12, P 〈 0.01 ） across the four seasons. The proportion of feeding time of Khulan was highest in spring （66.77%） and lowest （46.26%） in summer, because of the food availability. In the Kalamaili Mountain Basin, plants started to grow in late spring because of low temperatures, and the wild animals and livestock grazed in autumn and winter of last year, consequently, food availability decreased during spring. In summer, the forage is abundant with good quality, and Stipa glareosa and Haloxylon ammondendron which are the primary food resources of Khulan are growing and nourishing. On the other hand, to avoid thermal stress, Khulan increased the proportion of resting time and decreased feeding time in summer and autumn. Additionally, it was observed that in summer Khulan reduced insect harassment in the field by ＂others＂ （including swinging tail, rolling in the mud, and scratching the skin）. Further, summer is the rutting season of Khulan. Courtship, suckling and agonistic behaviors increase the time proportion of ＂others＂ activities. In addition, 2 000 herdsmen and 200 000 head of livestock stay in the reserve during winter. As a result of disturbance of cars and livestock, vigilance and moving were highest in winter. ANOVA was used to compare the difference of time budgets among seasons respectively. In spring moving and vigilance, moving and others, vigilance and others were not sig- nificantly different （ P 〉 0.05 ）, the rest combinations were extremely significant （ P 〈 0

关 键 词：蒙古野驴 季节 昼间行为 时间分配 活动节律 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]