不同频率的下肢动作字的组配能力分析  

A Study on the Compounding Capacity of Leg-Foot Verbs with Different Frequencies of Use

作　　者：赵果[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学汉语进修学院

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2013年第2期243-253,共11页Chinese Teaching in the World

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"现代汉语类词缀的定量与定性研究"(项目号:11BYY085);新世纪优秀人才支持计划(编号:NECT-11-0839)的资助

摘　　要："走、跑、跨、跳、跪、蹲、踢、踩、蹬"等同为下肢动作,但是组配能力差别较大,本文尝试在结构主义分析的基础上运用意象图式理论对这一现象进行解释。通过对这些字的所有构词进行结构分析发现,Vr、mH、Mh在一定程度上可类推,而Vo、vR基本不可类推(大写字母代表该字)。因此,这些字可以分为三组:高频且vR组"走、跑"、次高频且非vR组"跳、跨",低频且非vR组"跪、蹲、踢、踩、蹬"。本文用关联图式解释了Vr、mH、Mh这三种构词方式,用路径图式解释了Vo、vR这两种构词方式。关联图式反映了这一义场的共同语义特征,具有共性;路径图式则反映了每个动作的独特的运动方式,具有个性。高频组和次高频组的路径图式注意力分布的变化较为丰富,即分别凸显图式中的起点、终点、射体、路标等。次高频组所表达的动作不及高频组常见,产生的位移距离不及高频组大,未能虚化为补语。而在低频组中,最容易凸显的是动作的方向,其在域投射时得以保留。Zou （ walk ） , pao （ run ） , kua（stride）, tiao （ jump ） , gut（kneel）, dan（squat on the heels）, ti （kick）, cai （step on） and deng （press down with the foot） are all monosyllabic morphemes which denote actions by legs and feet. But some of them are highly productive in forming new words, while some are not. This study focuses on explaining the differences between them in the framework of structural linguistics and image schema theory. The analysis of the struc- ture of all compounds formed with above morphemes shows that structures of Vr, mH and Mh are productive to a certain extent, While structures of Vo and vR are not. So above morphemes can be divided into three groups ： the highly productive and vR group ： zou （walk） and pao （ run）, the relatively productive and non-vR group： kua（stride） and tido （jump） and the most Unproductive and non-vR group ： gut （ kneel ）, dan （ squat on the heels ）, ti （ kick ）, cai （ step on ） and deng （press down with the foot）. This study explains Vr, mH and Mh with Link schema and also ex- plains Vo and vR with Path schema. Link schema reflects the common semantic features of all a- bove morphemes. Path schema reflects unique semantic features of each morpheme. For the most productive group and the relative productive group, each part （including starting point, end, tra- jector and land mark） in their path schema can be salient respectively. Both zou（walk） and pao （run） can be verbal complement, because they involve a long moving distance in their lexical se- mantics. The relative productive group can not serve as verbal complement because the actions denoted by them are not as common as zou （walk） and pao （run） and do not involve a long moving distance. While for the most unproductive group, only vector can be salient. The vector are pre- served in domain projection.

关 键 词：构词法 下肢动作字 组配能力 系联图式 路径图式 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]