废旧锂离子电池中有价金属的回收技术进展  

Overview of Recovery Technique of Valuable Metals from Spent Lithium Ion Batteries

作　　者：吴越[1] 裴锋[1] 贾蕗路[1] 刘晓磊[1] 张文华[1] 刘平[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西省电力科学研究院,江西南昌330096

出　　处：《稀有金属》2013年第2期320-329,共10页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家电网公司科研经费(赣电科信【2012】1157)资助

摘　　要：随着锂离子电池在电动汽车和储能领域的大量使用,废旧锂离子电池所面临的环境和资源问题日益突出。为了更好地资源利用和环境保护,世界各国对废旧锂离子电池中有价金属的回收和利用,及无危害处理相当重视。文中综述了国内外对废旧锂离子电池回收技术的研究现状,比较了不同回收途径的优缺点,讨论了回收技术的发展方向。本文中归纳的废旧锂离子电池回收方法,在目前回收领域中得到了广泛地研究,并且起到了显著效果,但是大多集中在对锂、钴、镍、锰、铜、铝等有价金属的回收利用上,对废旧锂离子电池中的导电碳、石墨以及电解质的回收和处理方面的研究较少,对工艺过程中产生的污染和安全性问题也缺乏系统的研究。另外,随着锂离子电池生产技术的发展,新的电极材料将会出现并取代过渡金属氧化物,比如单质硫、导电聚合物等;同时也需要相应的电解液与之匹配,如新型的有机电解液、聚合物电解质等,这将向废旧锂离子电池回收技术提出了新的要求。今后废旧锂离子电池资源化回收技术的研究方向是降低成本,减少污染和实现回收物质的多元化以及提高回收率。The environmental and resource problems from the used lithium ion batteries were increasingly prominent with oncoming the electric vehicle （EV） and large scale electric energy storage （EES）. To better resource utilization and environmental protection, the researchers in the world paid considerable attention to the recovery and utilization of valuable metals from the spent lithium ion bat- teries. This review stated briefly the recent progress of the recovery technique of the spent lithium ion batteries, compared the advanta- ges and disadvantages of the different recovery pathways and discussed the possible strategies of the recovery technique for the spent lithium ion batteries. The waste lithium ion battery recycling methods were summarized, most of the studies concentrated in the recy- cling of lithium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, copper, aluminum and other valuable metals, but the study of the conductive carbon, graphite and electrolyte in recycling and disposal of spent lithium-ion battery was less, pollution and safety problems in process were lack of systematic research. In addition, with the development of the lithium-ion battery production technology, new electrode materials would appear and replace the transition metal oxide, such as sulfur, a conductive polymer, etc; and also the appropriate electrolyte should match it, such as novel organic electrolyte, polymer electrolyte, etc, this would give the new requirement about waste lithium- ion battery recycling technology. Future research direction of spent lithium-ion battery technology should be to reduce the costs and pol- lution, achieve the diversification of recovered material and increase the recovery rate.

关 键 词：废旧锂离子电池 回收 有价金属 

分 类 号：TM344.1[电气工程—电机]