发光菌用于饮水中部分重金属及农药的应急监测  

EMERGENT MONITORING ON SOME HEAVY METAL AND PESTICIDE IN DRINKING WATER USING LUMINESCENT BACTERIA

作　　者：张建江[1] 贾继民[1] 马永红[1] 田华[1] 张华[1] 宋远新[1] 王黎[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆军区疾病预防控制中心,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆医科大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学教研室

出　　处：《解放军预防医学杂志》2013年第1期9-11,共3页Journal of Preventive Medicine of Chinese People's Liberation Army

基　　金：兰州军区医药卫生科研项目课题(No.CWS10JA27)

摘　　要：目的研究新疆地区饮水中常见且重要的3种重金属及2种农药对发光细菌的急性毒性,为新疆地区针对重大饮水污染风险应急保障监测提供技术支持。方法以Hg2+、As3+和Cr6+及氧化乐果、敌敌畏为污染物,建立重金属及农药饮水污染模型,以发光细菌为研究对象,用生物毒性测试仪测定样品及空白的发光度,计算相对发光率。结果发光菌的相对发光率与重金属的浓度呈负相关,其决定系数为-0.77～-0.90(P<0.01);Hg2+、As3+、Cr6+使发光菌产生50%光损失时的质量浓度(EC50)分别为0.16、1.77和7.54 mg/L。发光菌的相对发光率与农药的体积分数呈负相关,其决定系数为-0.78～-0.99(P<0.01);氧化乐果、敌敌畏的EC50分别为604.89、748.54mg/L。结论该方法为饮水中毒物的毒性监测和评价提供了直接证据,可以弥补理化方法分析毒性时的不足,在新疆地区重大饮水污染风险的应急监测中具有应用价值。Objective To evaluate the acute toxic effect of three heavy metals and two pesticides in drinking water on the luminescent bacteria（Photobacterium phosphoreum）,thus to provide the technique support for emergent monitoring on critical pollution risks in drinking water in Xinjiang.Methods Hg2＋,As3＋,Cr6＋,folimat,and dichlorovos were taken as the pollutant respectively to establish drinking water pollution model.Photobacterium phosphoreum was taken as the studying object to determine the luminous emission of samples and blanks,then the relative luminosity rate was calculated.Results In certain range of concentrations,the relative luminosity rate was negatively correlated with the concentration of Hg2＋,As3＋,and Cr6＋（r=-0.90,-0.77,and-0.81 respectively,P0.01）.The EC50（the concenration at which 50% of luminosity lost） of Hg2＋,As3＋,and Cr6＋ was 0.16,1.77,and 7.54 mg/L respectively.The relative luminosity rate was also negatively correlated with the concentration of folimat,dichlorovos（r=-0.99,and-0.78 respectively,P0.01）,and the EC50 was 604.89,and 748.54 mg/L respectively.ConclusionBioluminescence can provide direct evidence for monitoring and evaluating toxicity in drinking water,and make up for the defects of physico-chemical analysis methods.It is a good bio-monitoring method that would have a wide prospect of application to emergent monitoring critical pollution risks in drinking water.

关 键 词：发光菌 饮水污染风险 重金属 农药 急性生物毒性 应急监测 

分 类 号：R123.2[医药卫生—环境卫生学]