雌核发育橙黄色锦鲤的遗传、性腺发育及外形特征  

Genetic,gonadal development and shape characteristics researches of gynogenetic orange ornamental carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)

作　　者：刘启智[1] 肖军[2] 罗凯坤[2] 张勇[1] 王跃群[2] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学生命科学学院,广东广州510227 [2]湖南师范大学生命科学学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《水产学报》2013年第3期390-396,共7页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家"八六三"高技术研究发展计划(2011AA100403);国家自然科学基金重点项目(30930071);国家自然科学基金面上项目(31071999;31272396);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903046);博士点基金优先发展领域项目(20114306130001)

摘　　要：用经紫外线灭活的团头鲂精子激活橙黄色锦鲤的卵子,在4℃的水温下冷休克处理卵子30 min使其染色体加倍,获得了孵化率为30.6%、存活率为24.2%的雌核发育锦鲤,表明该雌核发育锦鲤研制方法具有较高的效率。利用外周血细胞培养方法制备了雌核发育锦鲤染色体并利用核型分析方法对其核型进行了分析,发现雌核发育锦鲤染色体数目为100,核型公式为22 m+34 sm+22 st+22 t;表明雌核发育锦鲤为二倍体,其核型与锦鲤母本一致。利用石蜡切片方法,随机选取10尾1龄雌核发育锦鲤性腺进行检测,发现其性腺全部为卵巢;并且在繁殖季节随机检测100尾2龄雌核发育锦鲤,没有1尾能挤出精液,表明雌核发育锦鲤全部为雌性,为证明雌性锦鲤的性别决定类型为XX提供了重要证据。此外,还对雌核发育锦鲤与母本的的SOX基因遗传关系、外形、体色等进行了比较,结果表明雌核发育锦鲤与母本有相同的SOX基因扩增片段,为证明其为雌核发育锦鲤而非杂交后代提供了重要证据;同时,雌核发育锦鲤保留了母本体态优美的特点,且具有色泽更鲜艳等优点,表明该雌核发育方法产生了遗传改良效果。雌核发育锦鲤的获得为该观赏鱼的提纯复壮、遗传改良以及性别决定和性别控制研究奠定了基础。Gynogenetic orange ornamental carp（ Cyprinus carpio L. , Koi）with high hatch rate and survival rate was obtained by egg activation using the UV-inactivated sperm from blunt snout bream （Megalobrama amblycephala） and then chromosomes doubling with cold shock treatment at the temperture of 4 ℃ for 30 min. The gynogenetic orange ornamental carp was proved to be diploid with 100 chromosomes by chromosome number detection and karyotype analysis. At the age of 1 year, 10 gynogenetic fish were randomly sampled to detect gonad development and only ovary was observed in all the samples;during the spawning season at the age of 2 years., 100 gynogenetic fish were stripped for semen production but none of the samples could strip out semen but green eggs, the presence of all-female gyongenetic orange ornamental carp provided vital evidence to prove that the sex determination type of female orange ornamental carp is XX. In addition,the genetic relationship of SOX gene, the phenotypes and body color between gyongenetic orange ornamental carp and its parent were also observed in this study, and the results show that gyongenetic orange ornamental carp inherits the same amplified fragments as the maternal parent, which provides importment evidence to get rid of its heterozygosity. Meanwhile, gynogenetic orange ornamental carp inherited the graceful shape of its maternal parent and the body color is brighter. The formation of gynogenetic orange ornamental carp lays foundation for purification,rejuvenation and genetic improvement for orange ornamental carp and also provided good material for fish sex determination and sex control research.

关 键 词：锦鲤 雌核发育 遗传育种 染色体 

分 类 号：Q343.2[生物学—遗传学] S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]