喀斯特地区不同林草植被的减流减沙作用  

Runoff and Sediment Reduction Effects Under Different Forest and Grass Vegetation in a Karst Area

作　　者：蒋荣[1] 张兴奇[1] 张科利[2] 杨勇 杨光檄 顾再柯 

机构地区：[1]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,江苏南京210093 [2]北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,北京100875 [3]贵州省水土保持监测站,贵州贵阳550002

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2013年第1期18-22,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：贵州省水土保持监测站科研项目"西南喀斯特地区土壤侵蚀机理及水土流失预测研究"(2006200);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目

摘　　要：为了进行水土保持生物措施的合理配置,因地制宜治理贵州喀斯特地区水土流失,通过径流小区观测法,对贵州喀斯特地区不同林草植被的减流减沙作用进行了研究。结果显示,观测试验期间(2008—2010年),大部分林草植被类型都经历了明显的变化过程:完全不具减流减沙作用—部分具有减流减沙作用—减流减沙作用。至2010年各林草植被的减流作用的大小顺序为:经济林(减流率为52.5%～64.3%)>杨树与墨西哥柏混交林>黑麦草>墨西哥柏>白三叶>杨树;减沙作用的大小顺序为:经济林(平均减沙率达99.3%)>黑麦草>杨树与墨西哥柏混交林>墨西哥柏>杨树>白三叶。林草植被配置方式对产流产沙量也有很大影响,因此采取林草措施应同时考虑林草类型和配置方式,才能达到最佳的水土保持效果。In order to allocate biological measures for soil and water conservation reasonably, and to control the soil and water loss according to local conditions, this study focuses on the analysis of runoff and sediment reduction effects under different types of forest and grass vegetation by a runoff plot experiment in a karst area of Guizhou Province. Results show that most types of forest and grass vegetation in the study area had experienced three stages during the investigation time period（2008 2010）.. no effect, partial effect and re- markable effect on runoff and sediment reductions. By the end of 2010, the runoff reduction effect of differ ent types of forest and grass vegetation was economic forests（their runoff reduction rates between 52.5 % and 64.3%） 〉mixed forest of poplar and portuguese cypress〉ryegrass〉portuguese cypress〉white cloverS〉 poplar forest. The sediment reduction effect of different types of forest and grass vegetation was economic forests（their mean sediment reduction rate was 99.3%）〉ryegrass〉mixed forests of poplar and portuguese cypress〉portuguese cypress forest〉poplar forest〉white clover. Allocation of forest and grass vegetation also shows a great difference in runoff and sediment productions, therefore, type and allocation of forest and grass vegetation should be considered simultaneously to achieve the best soil and water conservation effect.

关 键 词：喀斯特地区 水土流失 林草植被 减流减沙 贵州省 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]