美国的舞毒蛾管理及其启示(Ⅰ)  

Gypsy moth management in the United States and its enlightenment(Ⅰ)

作　　者：王晓伟[1] 姬兰柱[1] 张庆贺 燕丽波 易雪梅[1] 刘艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁沈阳110016 [2]美国斯特林国际公司 [3]辽宁省大石桥市林业局,辽宁大石桥115100

出　　处：《中国森林病虫》2013年第2期22-25,38,共5页Forest Pest and Disease

基　　金：质检公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200910205);国家自然科学基金项目(30970515)资助

摘　　要：文章较全面地介绍了美国的舞毒蛾管理及其相关的防控技术,全文分2部分发表。第1部分主要介绍美国联邦政府的舞毒蛾管理机构、防控策略以及州一级舞毒蛾管理的各相关方;以美国威斯康辛州、明尼苏达州和加利福尼亚州为例介绍了州一级舞毒蛾管理的具体内容、步骤和措施。此外,简述了美国有关舞毒蛾的公众教育和宣传。第2部分重点介绍舞毒蛾的种群调查和控制技术。在美国,对舞毒蛾的调查和监测普遍采用性信息素诱捕器;在舞毒蛾常发区内,卵块调查也较为常用。在政府机构执行的舞毒蛾管理项目中,最常采用的种群控制技术是苏云金杆菌(Btk)和除虫脲(商品名为敌灭灵)这2种杀虫剂以及基于舞毒蛾性信息素的交配干扰和大量诱捕技术。在文章第2部分的末尾,讨论了我国舞毒蛾管理中存在的几个问题并提出了相关建议。Gypsy Moth, Lymantria dispar（ L. ）, Management in the United States was reviewed. The pa- per was divided into two-part series for publication. In the first part presented here, we introduced the leading agencies of gypsy moth management and the strategies for gypsy moth control at both federal and state levels in the United States. We outlined the implementation/operational steps of gypsy moth management, taking three states （Wisconsin, Minnesota and California） as examples. The educational efforts for improving public awareness on gypsy moth related problems and research forums were also addressed. The second part focused on a description of the techniques and methods used for gypsy moth survey, monitoring and population control. Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki（ Btk）, mating disruption, mass trapping with sex-pheromone and diflubenzuron（Dimilin） were the most widely used agents/ap- proaches in government agencies＇ gypsy moth management programs. At the end of the second part, serveral misused techniques/approaches in the gypsy moth management in China were discussed and some corresponding suggestions were given.

关 键 词：压低虫口 扑灭 苏云金杆菌库斯塔克变种 交配干扰 大量诱捕 

分 类 号：S763.42[农业科学—森林保护学]