海上低空大气波导及其应用综述  

Review of Study on Atmospheric Ducts and Its Applications over the Sea

作　　者：成印河[1] 薛宇峰[1] 朱凤芹[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学海洋与气象学院,陆架及深远海气候,资源与环境省教育厅重点实验室,广东湛江524088

出　　处：《工程研究（跨学科视野中的工程）》2013年第1期92-99,共8页JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING STUDIES

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金项目"南海近岸蒸发波导的观测及其模式研究"(41106011);广东海洋大学人才引进项目"南海低空大气波导环境研究"(1012360)

摘　　要：低空大气波导对电波传播和探测通信系统等具有重要影响,研究大气波导环境和开发其应用系统具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。本文以工程应用为目标,简要概括了海上蒸发波导、表面波导和悬空波导的调查方法和主要研究进展,以及基于大气波导环境的电波传播评估系统。蒸发波导调查,一般通过近海面气象要素廓线进行间接的观测,在工程中多利用相似理论计算大气折射率廓线,该方法已集成到许多针对电波传播效应开发的软件中。表面和悬空波导调查,大多采用气象探空方法进行观测,近年来对该类大气波导环境的观测方法,由通过天气图、卫星云图等进行定量分析和估算,逐渐发展为中尺度天气数值式精确确定,在工程中更倾向于海气耦合数值模式,如美国的COAMPS业务系统。关于大气波导传播效应的主要理论有几何光学理论、波导模理论和抛物型方程,其中抛物型方程理论应用较多。最后指出大气波导研究在工程方面努力的方向,即结合中尺度数值模式和电波传播模式发展三维可视化系统,准确可靠地提供电波环境信息和预测预报,更好地为经济和国防建设服务。Atmosphenc duct plays a major role in propagation ot radio waves and function ot surveillance equipment system and so on. Research of atmospheric duct and its application system development are of great scientific and practical importance. To take engineering application as the target, this paper reviews briefly the main research methods and application systems of atmospheric duct including evaporation duct, surface duct and elevated duct. Evaporation duct is usually indirectly investigated from meteorological profiles near sea surface and atmospheric refractivity is calculated based on some similarity theory and the methods have been integrated into many radio propagation prediction systems. The surface and elevated duct are similarly observed by sounding balloons or micro-rockets. The atmospheric duct environments are studied from quantitative analysis based on synoptic maps, satellite images and so on to accurate quantification with mesoscale weather numerical models. Numerical models are often used in engineering prediction systems such as COAMPS. There are three major radio propagation models in atmospheric duct environments at present： geometrical optics model, guided mode and parabolic equation model. Parabolic equation models are mostly used in application systems. Engineering systems of atmospheric ducts are further developed in the field of image visualization system based on coupled ocean/atmosphere mesoscale prediction system and electromagnetic propagation models, which can offer more re-liable and accurate electromagnetic environments and propagation estimations, and serve economic construction and national defense better.

关 键 词：大气波导 波导类型 电磁环境 应用系统 

分 类 号：TN011[电子电信—物理电子学] P732[天文地球—海洋科学]