银川地区变应性鼻炎吸入性变应原调查分析  

Survey of inhaled allergens in allergic rhinitis patients in Yinchuan

作　　者：闫小会[1] 马瑞霞[1] 陈巧英[1] 于敬丹[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏医科大学总医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,宁夏银川750004

出　　处：《宁夏医学杂志》2013年第3期234-236,共3页Ningxia Medical Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(81260157);宁夏自治区科技攻关资助项目(102164139)

摘　　要：目的获得目前宁夏银川地区变应性鼻炎吸入性变应原的种类及分布特征。方法对2008—2009年就诊的疑似变应性鼻炎患者2 000例,行13种常见吸入性变应原皮肤点刺试验,分析银川地区吸入性变应原的分布规律,按性别、年龄分组,比较各组患者吸入性变应原阳性率,得出各组间患者变应原的分布特征;并根据患者就诊时间,绘制患者就诊时间曲线图,掌握其就诊时间规律。结果 2 000例患者中阳性患者1346例,总阳性率为67.30%;13种常见吸入性变应原阳性率由高到低排列,依次为艾蒿53.25%、粉尘螨51.10%、屋尘螨49.10%、豚草45.70%、热带螨43.15%、狗毛19.20%、猫毛16.05%、美洲大蠊12.10%、德国小蠊11.25%、草类花粉9.15%、树类花粉7.10%、霉菌Ⅰ组6.10%、霉菌Ⅳ组5.05%;男、女变应性鼻炎患者的变应原皮肤点刺试验阳性率,分别为65.28%与69.57%;青少年AR患者与成年AR患者对尘螨及艾蒿、豚草、霉菌Ⅰ组、德国小蠊吸入性变应原阳性率差异有统计学意义;秋季均为当年就诊患者人数最多季节。结论宁夏银川地区疑似变应性鼻炎患者吸入性变应原皮肤点刺试验阳性率为67.30%;13种吸入性变应原皮肤点刺试验结果阳性率由高到低,依次为艾蒿、粉尘螨、屋尘螨、豚草、热带螨、狗毛、猫毛、美洲大蠊、德国小蠊、草类花粉、树类花粉、霉菌Ⅰ组、霉菌Ⅳ组;常见吸入性变应原皮肤点刺试验阳性率与患者性别无关,常见吸入性变应原皮肤点刺试验阳性率与年龄有关;秋季是银川地区花粉症流行季节,也是变应性鼻炎患者就诊高峰期。Objective To investigate and obtain the major inhaled allergen types in allergic rhinitis patients in Yinchuan city currently. Methods The most common 13 kinds of inhaled allergens were used to carry out the skin prick test on 2000 clinic patients who were suspected with allergic rhinitis between 2008 and 2009. The regularity of distribution of the inhaled allergens were obtained by analyzing the skin prick test in Yinchuan city. The patients were divided into different groups according to their gender and age. Through compared inhaled allergens positive rate of these groups, got the allergens distribution characteristics of each group. And according to the patients visiting time, then drawn curve in patients with treatment time to master patients＇clinical time rule, and to get the main inhaled allergens quarterly. Results In these 2000 patients, 1346 cases were positive result, the total positive rate was 67.30%. The most common 13 kinds of inhaled allergens skin prick test -positive rate was as follows： Mugwort was 53.25%, Dust mites was 51.10%, House dust mites was 49.10%, Ragweed was 45.70%, Tropical mites was 43.15%, Dog hair was 19.20%, Cat hair was 16.05%, American cockroach was 12.10%, German cockroach was 11.25%, Grass pollen was 9.15%, Tree pollen was 7.10%, Mold group I was 6.10% and Mold group IV was 5.05%. In Yinchuan city, there was no statistical significance of the positive rate of the skin prick test in different gender. There was statistical significance of the positive rate of the Dust mites, Mugwort, Ragweed, Mold group I and the German cockroach between the teenagers and the adult. In the autumn between 2008 and 2009 years, the visiting patients reached to a peak of the year. The Dust mites allergen skin prick test - positive rate was the highest in the spring and summer, while in the autumn and winter, the Mugwort allergen skin prick test - positive rate was the highest in two years. Conclusion The positive rate of suspected patients with allergic rhinitis is 67.30% by the skin prick tes

关 键 词：变应性鼻炎 吸入性变应原 皮肤点刺试验 

分 类 号：R765.21[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]