苹果不同树形的树体结构及光能利用率  

A study on tree crown structure and light utilization efficiency of apple trees

作　　者：魏常燕[1,2] 宋杰强[1] 李保国[1,2] 齐国辉[1,2] 张雪梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学林学院,河北保定071000 [2]河北省核桃工程技术研究中心

出　　处：《林业科技开发》2013年第2期22-25,共4页China Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项(编号:201004093);河北省科技支撑项目(编号:11230605D)

摘　　要：以河北省内丘县岗底村垂帘形、纺锤形和改良纺锤形3种树形的红富士苹果树为试验材料,研究了不同树形对苹果树树体结构和光能利用率的影响。结果表明:3种不同的苹果树形中,改良纺锤形的枝量最多、冠幅最大,其总枝量为137.6万个/hm2,而垂帘形与纺锤形仅分别为72.4万个/hm2和54.6万个/hm2;垂帘形徒长枝所占比例较大,为13.81%;改良纺锤形的短枝比例最高,为77.32%。纺锤形和垂帘形的透光率分别为26.5%和22.5%,极显著高于改良纺锤形。纺锤形的冠层下总辐射量、冠层下散射辐射、冠层下直射辐射均最大,分别为1 579.42 MJ/(m2.a)、276.67 MJ/(m2.a)、1 310.83 MJ/(m2.a),极显著高于垂帘形和改良纺锤形。垂帘形的相对光强显著高于改良纺锤形,纺锤形的相对光强高于改良纺锤形,但差异不显著。垂帘形的净光合速率最高,纺锤形次之,改良纺锤形最小。Spindle shape, administered shape and improved spindle shape of three red Fuji apple trees were used as materials which were in Gangdi village, Neiqiu county, Hebei Province. The influence of apple trees with different shapes on tree structure and light use efficiency was studied. The results showed that： Among three different tree shapes, the branches ofimproved spindle shape tree was the most and the crown breadth was the largest, the total number of branches was 1 376 000/hm2. While the branch number of administered shape and spindle shape tree were only 724 1300/hm2 and546 000/hm2 respectively. The percentage of epicormic shoot in spindle shape tree was relatively high （ 13.81% ）, the percentage of short shoot in improved spindle shape tree was the highest （77.32%）. The light transmittance of spindle shape and administered shape tree was 0. 265 and 0. 225 respectively, significantly higher than that of improved spindle shape tree. The total radiation of canopy, scattering radiation and the direct radiation of spindle shape tree was all the highest, they were 1 579.42, 276.67 and 1 310.83 MJ/（m2.a） respectively, significantly higher than that of administered shape and improved spindle shape tree. The light intensity of administered shape tree was obviously higher than that of improved spindle shape tree, the light intensity of spindle shape tree was higher than that of improved spindle shape tree, but there were no obvious differences. The net photosynthetic rate of administered shape tree was the highest, that of spindle shape tree was the second, and that of improved spindle shape was the least.

关 键 词：苹果 树形 光能利用率 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]