太湖表层沉积物粒度组成时空分布特征及分类命名  

Temporal variability and spatial distribution of granulometric composition of surface sediments and classification in Taihu Lake

作　　者：侯俊[1,2] 王超[1,2] 王沛芳[1,2] 钱进[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学浅水湖泊综合治理与资源开发教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210098 [2]河海大学环境学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《河海大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第2期114-119,共6页Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2010CB429006);国家自然科学重点基金(50830304);国家自然科学青年基金(51109058);江苏省自然科学基金攀登人才项目(BK2008041);水利部公益性行业专项(201101020)

摘　　要：为揭示太湖表层沉积物粒度组成特征及其在不同湖区和不同季节的分布规律,并为探寻太湖沉积物中污染物的赋存特征和制定沉积物质量基准提供基本依据,根据2009年4月、7月、9月和2010年1月在太湖34个点位(深度0～10 cm)所采集的123个表层无砾沉积物样品的粒度实测数据,采用伍登-温特华斯(Udden-Wentworth)的粒度分级方案对太湖表层沉积物粒度组分时空分布特征进行分析,并依据福克(Folk)分类方法对太湖沉积物粒度进行分类命名。结果表明:(a)太湖表层沉积物各采样点的平均粒径在0.025～0.139 mm之间,全湖平均粒径为0.047 mm。(b)沉积物粒级组成大部分为粉沙(含量(质量分数)为62.62%～75.54%);沙和黏土的含量相近,分别为8.67%～27.61%和7.67%～17.95%。(c)西部沿岸区和东部沿岸区沉积物中细颗粒物质较多,而东太湖、贡湖湾沉积物中粗颗粒物质较多。(d)春季(4月),粒径小于0.063 mm的组分(即粉沙和黏土)所占比例在各个季节中最大(84.74%～98.94%,平均值为91.43%),夏季次之(69.70%～99.71%,平均值为90.04%),秋季(51.42%～93.74%,平均值为79.68%)和冬季(43.46%～88.70%,平均值为78.88%)最低。(e)Folk分类法结果显示,研究区的123个表层无砾沉积物样品主要为沙质粉沙(84个)和粉沙(37个),个别样点为粉沙质沙(1个)和泥(1个)。According to measured particle size data from 123 groups of surface sediments（at depths of 0 cm to 10 cm） at 34 sampling sites in Taihu Lake in April,July,and September of 2009 and January of 2010,the temporal and spatial distribution of granulometric composition of the surface sediments was analyzed using the Udden-Wentworth method and the surface sediments were classified according to the Folk method.The results show the following：（a） The mean particle size of each sample was between 0.025 mm and 0.139 mm and the average particle size of all the samples was 0.047 mm.（b） The samples were mostly composed of silt（with a content of 62.62% to 75.54%）,and sand and clay accounted for 8.67% to 27.61%,and 7.67% to 17.95%,respectively.（c） There were more fine particles in the western coastal area and the eastern coastal area,and more coarse particles in eastern Taihu Lake and Gonghu Bay.（d） Granulometric composition of particle sizes below 0.063 mm（i.e.,silt and clay） accounted for 84.74% to 98.94%（with a mean value of 91.43%） in the spring,69.70% to 99.71%（with a mean value of 90.04%） in the summer,51.42% to 93.74%（with a mean value of 79.68%） in the autumn,and 43.46% to 88.70%（with a mean value of 78.88%） in the winter.（e） According to the Folk method,most of the 123 samples were classified as either sand-silt（84 samples） or silt（37 samples）,and a few were classified as either silt-sand（one sample） or clay（one sample）.

关 键 词：太湖 沉积物 沉积物粒度组成 沉积物时空分布 沉积物分类命名 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]