684例疯动物咬伤者免疫全程认知干预及依从性调查  

Survey on Cognitive Intervention and Compliance of the Whole-course Immunizations in 684 Cases of Mad Animal Bites

作　　者：黄瑞辉 何瑛 龙智钢[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省平江县疾病预防控制中心,湖南平江414500 [2]湖南省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2013年第3期312-314,共3页Practical Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解动物咬伤者对狂犬病防治知识掌握现状,探讨实施干预前后被咬伤者认知率与防治过程的依从行为及效果。方法采用狂犬病知识问卷方式比较实施干预前后疯动物咬伤者认知率变化,并通过门诊复诊督导或电话回访方式了解免疫全程的依从性。结果 684例疯动物咬伤者干预前认知率为52.83%,干预后为98.48%,总人题认知率提高45.65%,前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),四项总人次依从率为96.80%,且无一例发生狂犬病。结论动物咬伤后除按《狂犬病暴露预防处置工作规范》处置、接种疫苗外,被咬伤者对狂犬病认知、配合程度和依从性是决定免疫成功率的另一重要因素,通过免疫全程督导提高其认知率和依从率是达到预防伤口感染、杜绝狂犬病发生的重要措施。降低免疫球蛋白价格,加大农村合作医疗补贴力度是提高暴露后全程足量接种率的有力保障。Objective To investigate the current status of knowledge understanding about rabies in people bitten by animals,and to explore the cognition rate,adherence behavior and the effect of rabies prevention and control before and after the intervention.Methods Questionnaires about rabies knowledge were used to survey and compare the changes of cognition rate in people bitten by animals before and after the intervention.And the compliance with the full course of immunizations was investigated by outpatient follow-up visit supervision and telephone follow-up.Results Among 684 sufferers,the cognition rate for 8 questions was 52.83% before the intervention,but it was 98.48% after the intervention.The cognition rate increased by 45.65%,and the difference was statistically significant between before and after the intervention（P0.01）.Based on the total number of sufferers,the compliance rate for four times of follow-up visit was 96.80%,and no case of rabies occurred.Conclusions Bitten by an animal,in addition to disposal and vaccination according to ＂Rabies Exposure Preventive Treatment Work Specification＂,cognition,cooperation and compliance are the important factors for determining the success rate of immunization.To improve the cognition rate and compliance rate by the full-course immune supervision is an effective measure for the prevention of wound infection and eradication of rabies.Reducing the price of immunoglobulin and increasing the rural cooperative medical subsidies are the powerful guarantee for improving the coverage rate of the full-course and enough vaccination after the exposure.

关 键 词：疯动物咬伤 认知干预 依从性 

分 类 号：R512.99[医药卫生—内科学]