不同施肥条件下池蝶蚌养殖池塘季节性浮游植物群落间的差异  

Difference between the composition and abundance of phytoplankton among four seasons with spreading different kind of manure in Hyriopsis schlegeli breeding pools

作　　者：金芳芳[1] 盛军庆[1] 洪一江[1] 陶然[1] 王尚洪[1] 吴雪敏[1] 林刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]南昌大学生物科学系,江西南昌330031

出　　处：《南昌大学学报（理科版）》2013年第1期88-92,共5页Journal of Nanchang University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家公益性行业科研专项(200903028)

摘　　要：池蝶蚌(Hyriopsis schlegeli)原产于日本琵琶湖,1997年引入中国并繁殖成功。实践证明,池蝶蚌的育珠能力强,质量优,已在全国淡水珍珠主产地推广养殖。为了解不同投饵施肥方式所提供的食物和生存的环境,2010年5月至2011年3月间对池蝶蚌养殖池塘的浮游植物群落结构进行了9次调查。全年共检测到浮游植物103种(属),不同施肥方式浮游植物的密度范围分别为:未施肥池塘在1.8×105～289.5×105 cells/L之间;施含益生菌发酵有机肥的池塘在12.9×105～705×105 cells/L之间;施发酵后的鸡粪肥池塘在5.4×105～481.6×105 cells/L之间。全年采样中未施肥池塘浮游植物密度显著低于施肥池塘的浮游植物密度;施含益生菌肥池塘与施发酵鸡粪肥的浮游植物密度之间无显著性差异,而益生菌肥用量是鸡粪肥的一半,因此益生菌肥更有利于浮游植物的生长,且对池塘污染小。3种施肥情况的全年群落组成5,6,7月均以绿藻占优势;8,9,10月以绿藻占优势,蓝藻占次优势;11,12和次年3月以隐藻占优势。抚州池蝶蚌养殖基地四季不分明的特点,春较短,冬季较长,夏、秋、冬季分割明显;蓝藻门、硅藻门主要分布秋季,隐藻门主要分布在冬季和早春。Hyriopsis schlegeli,originating from BIWA Lake of Japanese,was introduced to China in 1997.It is proved that Hyriopsis schlegeli has powerful pearl breeding ability with superior quality,and already been bred and spread throughout the country.To understand the food and living environment provided by different ways of spreading manure,nine times of water specimen collection were carried out from May of 2010 to March of 2011.103 categories of phytoplankton were detected all the year around.The density ranges of phytoplankton between different ways on spreading manure respectively were：the group without spreading manure had an abundance ranging from 1.8×105 to 289.5×105 cells/L;the group with spreading fermentation organic manure including probiotic bacteria had the abundance ranging from 12.9×105 to 705×105 cells/L;the group with spreading fermentation chicken manure owned the range from 5.4×105 to 481.6×105 cells/L.The abundance of phytoplankton in the pools without spreading manure was conspicuously lower than the pools spread with manure.There were no significant differences between phytoplankton abundance of varying manure pools.1 The phytoplankton community compositions of the three kind of pools were similar.Green alga was dominated from May to July.From August to October phytoplankton community was dominated by Green alga,and Cyanophyta had a high biomass only in this stage.Cryptophyta was dominant in November,December and March.Hyriopsis schlegeli breeding pools,in Fuzhou Jiangxi province was characterized by unclear seasons（i.e.,short spring and long winter）.In autumn,phytoplankton community was dominated by Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta,and Bacillariophyta was mainly distributed in the winter.

关 键 词：浮游植物 施肥 池蝶蚌养殖池塘 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学]