美国城市蔓延应对策略转变对中国的启示  

Inspirations of Shifts in Urban Sprawl Curing Stratefies in America

作　　者：张景奇[1] 孙蕊[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北大学土地管理研究所,中国辽宁沈阳110819

出　　处：《经济地理》2013年第3期42-46,共5页Economic Geography

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(08JZD0018);辽宁省社科基金项目(L12CGL014);东北大学"985工程"资助项目

摘　　要：1900年以来,城市蔓延已在美国造成巨大危害,在与城市蔓延斗争的漫长过程中,据其出现时段和管理类别所属,并参考前人经验,将其应对城市蔓延的策略分成蔓延控制(1920年)、明智规划(1950年)、增长管理(1970年)和蔓延治理(1990年)四个阶段。尽管前三阶段的策略都能对城市蔓延起到一定的削弱作用,但也都有各自的薄弱之处,致使城市蔓延无法根除。蔓延控制的单纯限制、明智规划施令式的管制以及增长管理引致的区域发展不公平,都会限制管理成效。同时也要看到,前一阶段的缺点也是促使新一阶段出现的动因,并最终使得蔓延治理成为美国现今应对城市蔓延的主导战略。考量美国城市蔓延应对策略转变过程,能够为处在蔓延窘境中的中国城市带来诸多启示,表现在理性看待中国式城市蔓延、培养蔓延治理的本土文化以及构建蔓延治理应用体系三大方面。It is really so many big troubles brought by urban sprawl since 1900 in America. During long times fighting with urban sprawl, according to the emerge times and differences attributes in public administration, and also according to previous works, the tactics for sprawl curing in America can be divided into 4 periods： Sprawl control（1920a）, Wise plan（1950a）, Growth Management（1970a） and Sprawl Governance（1990a）. In spite of each period could weaken the urban sprawl, each period has its own weaknesses, leads to the urban sprawl could not be eliminated fundamentally. The disadvantages existing in former period boost the latter period come into being, such as simplicity restrict by sprawl control, commanding control by wise plan, and unfairness of regional development caused by growth management, finally make the sprawl governance becoming the leading strategy for sprawl curing in America now. The process of strategies shifting is significative for China who is right now suffering hard from urban sprawl. Inspirations are about the following 3 main aspects： rational treating sprawl, fostering the native culture of sprawl governance and constructing the applying system of sprawl governance.

关 键 词：城市蔓延 蔓延控制 增长管理 蔓延治理 美国 

分 类 号：F291[经济管理—国民经济]