海洋溢油生态损害简易评估方法研究  

Review on the simplified ecological damage assessment method for marine oil spills

作　　者：马丽[1] 李吉鹏[2] 陆志强[2] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,福建厦门361005 [2]集美大学水产学院,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《海洋通报》2013年第1期113-120,共8页Marine Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项(海三科2009062);福建省自然科学基金计划(2010J05098)

摘　　要：海洋溢油事故多以小型溢油为主,采用简易评估方法对小型溢油事故生态损害快速、高效的评估,对及时进行海洋生态损害赔偿、补偿和修复具有重要意义。通过对溢油生态损害概念及补偿适用范围的分析,明确了简易评估法的适用范围,提出了一些衡量简易评估方法有效性的指标标准,并分别对华盛顿州"索赔公式法"、佛罗里达州"直接计算法"和溢油生态损害快速预评估模式3种典型的简易生态损害评估方法进行分析比较。为了使简易评估法在实践中发挥更好的作用,提出应在溢油专项基金的建立,预警系统及应急体系的建立和完善,损害评估方法的改进和发展,基础数据库的建设、损害评估信息系统功能完善5个方面加强建设。Most of marine oil spills are very small.It is of great significance to use quick and simplified assessment method for ecological damages claim,compensation and restoration.In this paper,the scope of application of simplified assessment method was defined based on the analysis of the concept for oil spill ecological damages and the application for the compensation.Some indicators for measuring the effectiveness of simplified assessment method were proposed.Simplified assessment methods in Washington and Florida as well as quick pre-assessment model in China were analyzed in relation to the desirable features and some weaknesses.To make these methods effective in practice,it is essential to make an effort in the following five aspects: the establishment of special fund for oil spill,the establishment and improvement of warning system and emergency response system,the development of damage assessment methods,the construction of fundamental database and the improvement of the damage assessment function of information systems.

关 键 词：海洋溢油 生态损害 简易评估方法 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]