论震积作用和震积岩  

SEISMO-DEPOSITION AND SEISMITES

作　　者：杜远生[1] 韩欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2000年第4期389-394,共6页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家科技部攀登附加项目"中国古大陆层序地层、地球演化节律与古大陆再造研究"(SSER);国家自然科学基金项目"北祁连造山带晚加里东-早海西期同造山盆地的沉积响应"(编号:49972078)资助

摘　　要：地震是一种灾害性的地质事件。地震及其引发的海啸、重力流可以形成震积岩、海啸岩和震浊积岩。在地震过程中 ,震积作用可以形成特殊的构造标志 (地震断裂层、地裂缝、微同沉积断裂、微褶皱纹理、重力断层等 )、沉积和成岩标志 (砂岩脉、泥岩脉、泥晶脉 ,即磨牙 ( molar tooth)构造、枕状层、砂火山、泥火山、同沉积变形构造、丘状层理等 )。地震沉积组合包括原地震积岩 ( A,包括震裂岩、震褶岩、自碎屑角砾岩、内碎屑副角砾岩等 )、海啸岩 ( B,由具丘状层理、平行层理的碎屑岩或内碎屑灰岩组成 )、震浊积岩 ( C,由具块状层理、递变层理或玻马序列的粗碎屑岩或碎屑灰岩组成 )及背景沉积 ( D) 4个单元 ,它们组合成 A- B- C- D、A- B- D、A- C- D、A- D、B- D、C- D等 6种类型的沉积序列。Earthquake is a disaster event in Earth crust. Earthquake, tsunami and turbidity flow induced by earthquake can form seismites, tsunamites and seismoturbidites. During earthquake, some especial deformation structures (fracture grading bed, fracture uniform bed, syn sedimentary microfracture, micro corrugated lamination, gravity fault etc.) and sedimentary and diagenitic structure (sandstone vein, mudstone vein, micritic vein, i.e. molar tooth structure, pillow bed, sandy volcano, muddy volcano, penecontemporneous deformation structures and hummocky bedding) are formed. Seism deposits consist of 3 types of sedimentary units. Unit A is autochthonous seismites, which consists of seismic corrugated rock, shattering rock, and autoclastic breccia and intraclast parabreccia. Unit B is tsunamite, which is composed of pebble sandstone, sandstone and intraclastic limestone with hummocky bedding or swaley bedding and parallel bedding. Unit C is seismoturbidites or megaturbidite, which is composed of coarse clastics and intraclastic limestone with massive bedding, graded bedding or Bouma sequence. Aforesaid units and background deposits (Unit 4) constitute 6 types of sedimentary sequences: A B C D、A B D、A C D、A D、B D、C D.

关 键 词：沉积学 地震 震积岩 海啸岩 震浊积岩 

分 类 号：P512.2[天文地球—地质学] P588.2