海上大气波导研究进展  

Review of the Study of Atmospheric Ducts over the Sea

作　　者：成印河[1,2] 周生启[1] 王东晓[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南海海洋研究所热带海洋环境国家重点实验室,广东广州510301 [2]广东海洋大学海洋与气象学院,陆架及深远海气候,资源与环境广东省教育厅重点实验室,广东湛江524088

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2013年第3期318-326,共9页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"南海近岸蒸发波导的观测及其预测模式研究"(编号:41106011);"南海海底地热对深海物理环境的影响"(编号:41176027);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目"南海海气相互作用与海洋环流和涡旋演变规律"(编号:2011CB403504)资助

摘　　要：大气波导是对流层中具有异常大气折射率梯度的大气层,对于评估和预测电磁波传播和海上探测通信系统等具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。以海上发生的大气波导类型为线索总结了与大气波导相关的研究方法。在蒸发波导研究中以相似理论为基础,开发蒸发波导诊断模型为重点,开展区域海域适应性研究;海上悬空波导和表面波导从早期的定性分析到目前精确定量研究过程中,中尺度数值模式逐渐成为极其重要的研究手段,不仅提高了特定天气过程中大气波导模拟预测精度,而且在此基础上开展区域大气波导环境研究,分析其出现规律、气候原因等。针对海上大气波导研究现状,借鉴气象上的手段和技术,开展海上水文气象调查和电波传播实验,结合中尺度数值模式和海气耦合模式,采用同化技术和集合预报等手段,提高海上低空大气波导量化精度。The atmospheric duct of the troposphere comprises strong vertical refractivity gradient structures. It has great scientific significance and great value for propagations of radio waves and functions of surveillance equipments. According to the atmospheric duct types, the research methods of the atmospheric duct are reviewed. Based on the similarity theory, evaporation duct models are developed or built with dominant emphasis and applied to some local sea. The other duct-type research methods have experienced a process from simple to complex and from qualification analysis to accurate quantification. Numerical simulation with mesoscale meteorological models has become a very important method which has greatly improved the efficiency and accuracy of the atmospheric duct simulation or forecast. Based on the grid data of numerical simulation, atmospheric ducts such as duct occurrence are analyzed statistically and what weather processes or climates that cause them. Finally, using more meteorological methods and technology, research fields are pointed out based on the current condition of the atmospheric duct study. More hydrogeology and meteorological surveys and electromagnetic waves propagation experiments are carried out firstly. Meanwhile mesoscale meteorological and sea-air coupled models are further used with data assimilation and ensemble prediction system in the atmospheric duct study, which improves the accuracy of the atmospheric duct over the sea.

关 键 词：波导类型 蒸发波导 表面波导 悬空波导 

分 类 号：P421.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P732.6