铅锌尾矿对水稻幼苗生长的影响初探  

Investigation on effect of Pb-Zn mining tail on the growth of rice seedling

作　　者：刘惠娜[1] 蔡碧佳[1] 杨期和[1] 肖迪[1] 

机构地区：[1]嘉应学院生命科学学院,广东梅州514015

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2013年第2期330-335,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：广东省高等学校科技创新重点项目(cxzd1132);广东省高等学校人才引进专项资金(2050205);广东省自然科学基金项目(815140150100003);广东省科技计划项目(2012A030700006)

摘　　要：铅锌尾矿的污染是多种重金属元素的复合污染，各种重金属间存在协同、拮抗、屏蔽和独立作用，其生态效应受多元素的组合、相对浓度及比例等多种因素影响，致使重金属影响水稻（OryzasativaL．）生长的生理生化效应尤为复杂。而目前有关重金属对水稻污染的研究中，大多集中于单一重金属的污染。为检验粤东铅锌尾矿土复合污染对水稻生长影响效应，以期确定适合种植植物的污染土壤中重金属土壤所占比例的临界值，为低成本处理铅锌尾矿土的方法提供一定的数据参考。以平远“禾米”水稻为材料，用粤东铅锌尾矿区尾矿土与远离矿区的稻田土按质量配比（10％、20％、30％、40％）混合成的土壤进行盆栽试验，探讨尾矿土对水稻幼苗生长的影响。以稻田土为对照，结果表明：四种混合土壤的重金属含量已达到严重污染的水平，含10％的尾矿土中Zn320．47mg—kg。约为对照组的20倍，Pb为300．91mg·垤0高出对照近6倍，cd为43．58nag’kg-1、Cu为65．88mg·kg-1。则高出对照2～3倍。与对照相比，含10％铅锌尾矿土的混合土壤上生长的水稻幼苗，其分蘖数、株高、叶绿素b无显著差异，但叶绿素a、叶绿素a＋b、根系总长、根直径、根面积及体积、根系活力偏低，但过氧化氢酶活性较高，当尾矿土混合比例超过20％，前述各项形态和生理指标均显著低于对照，且随着比例升高，数值也降低。当比例超过20％时，表现出明显的受害症状，且含尾矿土的比例越高，受害越严重。粤东铅锌尾矿集中堆积区域，尾矿土经由雨水冲刷带人附近稻田土壤中，将会给稻苗的生长发育带来不良影响。The pollution of lead/zinc mine tailing is a composite one in which various of heavy metals exert synergetic, antagonist, shielding and independent effects on ecology and growth of plants. However, most of the previous researches in heavy metal pollution were carried out in individual metals. In this study, the complex detrimental effects of the heavy metals in lead/zinc mine tailing in the eastern Guangdong regions on the physiological traits of rice （ Oryza sativa L ） seedlings was studied in a broader perspective in which different combination of elements, relative concentrations and ratios were taken into account as a whole. Based on which threshold proportion of tailing polluted soil in the whole soil shall be determined for normal growth of plants, and the data shall be of significance for stipulation of cost effective approaches to remediate the lead/zinc tailing polluted soils. The Pingyuan local rice variety ＂Hemi＂ was used as material, the pot experiment on soil matrix mixed with the tailing soil and the mine paddy soil far away from the tailing in different proportions （10%, 20%, 30% and 40%） was carded out to investigate the effects of the tailing soil on the growth office seedlings, the paddy soil was treated as the control. Results show that： the heavy metal pollution level of all the four mixture soils has reached severe values, even in the 10% tailing soil the Zn content was 320.470 g.kg -l, nearly 20 times that of the control, Pb 300.910 g.kg-l, nearly 6 times higher than the control, Cd 43.580 g.kg-1 and Cu 65.880 g.kg-l, which were 2-3 times higher than those of the control. The seedlings on the matrix containing 10% tailing soil had no significant differences in tiller number, plant height, chlorophyll b content compared with the control, but had less chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll a＋b content, total root length, root diameter, root area and volume, root activity, and higher catalase activity. When the mixing ratio exceeded 20%, the previously mentioned morphological and ph

关 键 词：水稻 铅锌尾矿 株高 根系活力 过氧化氢酶 

分 类 号：X75[环境科学与工程—环境工程]