氮肥运筹对冬小麦干物质累积、产量及氮素吸收利用的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Application on Dry Matter Accumulation,Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Winter Wheat

作　　者：马迎辉[1] 王玲敏[1] 黄玉芳[1] 叶优良[1] 白红波[2] 吕庆丰 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,河南郑州450002 [2]河南平安种业有限公司,河南温县454850

出　　处：《华北农学报》2013年第1期187-192,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31071864);河南省高校科技创新人才支持计划(2010HASTIT034);农业部公益性行业专项(201103003);“973”项目(2009CB118606)

摘　　要：为给小麦氮肥合理运筹提供依据,2009-2011年在典型高产区研究了不同氮肥运筹方式对冬小麦干物质积累、分配、产量、氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明,在施氮240 kg/hm2条件下,小麦产量均以T4(基肥∶返青∶拔节∶孕穗肥为1∶0∶1∶1)处理最高,分别达到8 433.3,8 866.3 kg/hm2,比T7处理(氮肥全部基施)增加10.6%和4.61%,比生产中推荐使用的T1处理(基肥∶拔节肥为1∶1)增加5.97%和2.90%。从小麦干物质累积来看,T4处理最大增长速率和持续时间不是最高,但花后的转运量及转运干物质对籽粒的贡献率均高于其他处理。从肥料利用率来看,T4处理的农学效率、生理效率和氮肥偏生产力也都高于其他处理。同时,T4处理成熟期干物质在籽粒中占的比例也显著高于其他处理。综合考虑产量、氮肥利用率和干物质累积转运等因素,该地区氮肥的施用模式应该是基肥∶返青∶拔节∶孕穗肥为1∶0∶1∶1。Effects of nitrogen application on dry matter accumulation and distribution,grain yield and nitrogen uptake efficiency of winter wheat were studied in field conditions in Wenxian county of Henan Province from 2009 to 2011.The results showed that,when the total nitrogen amount was 240 kg/ha,the highest yield（8 433.3 and 8 866.3 kg/ha in 2010 and 2011） was obtained from the T4 treatment,i.e.applying N three times（base∶ jointing∶ booting=1 ∶ 1 ∶ 1）.The yield of T4 increased by 10.6% and 4.61% compared to T7（total as base fertilizer） and by 5.97% and 2.90% compared to T1（base∶ jointing=1 ∶ 1）.However,the dry matter accumulation and growth rate was not the highest for T4 treatment in the two years,while the transportation rate after anthesis and the contribution to kernels were higher than other treatments.The agronomic efficiency,physiological utilization efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer partial factor productivity were also higher for T4 treatments,and the proportion of grain in dry matter at maturity time was significantly higher than other treatments.Based on the factors of grain yield,N use efficiency and dry matter accumulation and transportation,the application model of nitrogen fertilizer in this region should be 1 ∶ 0 ∶ 1 ∶ 1 for base,regreening,jointing and booting fertilizer.

关 键 词：氮肥运筹 干物质累积和转运 氮素效率 产量 小麦 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]