氮密互作对陆两优996冠层特性和产量的影响  

Effects of Transplanting Density and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate on Canopy Characteristics and Yield of Luliangyou 996

作　　者：刘文祥[1] 青先国[2] 艾治勇[3] 朱佳文[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学生物科技学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南省农业厅,湖南长沙410005 [3]国家杂交水稻工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《华北农学报》2013年第1期213-220,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程"长江中游南部(湖南)双季稻持续丰产高效技术集成创新与示范"(2011BAD16B01);湖南省农业科学院创新基金项目(2009hnnkycx24)

摘　　要：以超级杂交稻陆两优996为材料,设置不同氮肥水平(纯N 0,90,135,180 kg/hm2)和栽插密度(22万,30万,45万穴/hm2),分析两因素及其互作对群体冠层生理生态特性和产量的影响。结果表明,中氮和中密处理均能使高温季节高温时段水稻冠层的温度降低,并增加冠层相对湿度及改善群体内部的微气象环境,使冠层叶片SPAD值及剑叶光合速率和光能截获率提高,延长了冠层叶片光合作用时间,N135D30互作处理产量最高,为10 489.30 kg/hm2。氮肥用量和密度对穗粒数、结实率影响不大,对有效穗和千粒质量影响较大,氮肥和密度互作对有效穗影响达显著水平,施氮180 kg/hm2虽然有一定的增穗作用但每穗粒数、结实率、千粒质量却降低,因此不能高产。在本试验条件下,早稻移栽密度为36.6×104穴/hm2再配合施氮141.2 kg/hm2,能构建高产群体,实现足穗和大穗以及结实率和千粒质量关系的协调,获得高产;因此适当加大密度和减少氮肥用量是高产高效的栽培技术措施。The effect of different nitrogen fertilizer rates（N 0,90,135,180 kg/ha）and transplanting densities（2.2×105,3.0×105,4.5×105 hills/ha）on canopy physiological and ecological characteristics and yield of early rice was studied by using super hybrid rice Luliangyou 996.The results showed that medium transplanting densities and medium N use rate had a significant reduction of rice canopy temperature in hot season and canopy relative humidity increased,good micro climatic conditions was created,there by significantly enhanced photosynthetic rate and SPAD value and solar radiation interception rate of canopy,the N135D30 could get the maximum yield,it was 10 489.30 kg/ha.Nitrogen fertilizer rate and transplanting density had little effect on grain number per panicle,seed-setting rate but the productive panicles and 1000-grain weight were decreased.The effect of interaction of nitrogen fertilizer and transplanting density on grain number per panicle was significant.As a result,high yield of the early rice can be obtained by the N fertilization rate was used as 141.2 kg/ha with the transplanting density of 3.66×105 hills/ha.

关 键 词：氮肥 密度 微气象环境 生理生态特性 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]