试论二战后日本在领土处理问题上的态度与美国托管冲绳(一)  

Discussion on Japan’s Attitude toward the Territory after World War Ⅱ and Okinawa under U.S Trust

作　　者：安成日[1] 李金波[2] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学政府管理学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [2]黑龙江大学<黑龙江教育--高教研究与评估>编辑部,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《大连大学学报》2013年第1期76-82,共7页Journal of Dalian University

基　　金：2007年度黑龙江省教育厅人文社会科学研究项目(11522087);南开大学教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地2009年度重大研究项目(2009JJD770024)

摘　　要：对战败以后被停止行使国家主权的日本来说,尽快实现媾和结束占领,恢复行使国家主权,重返国际社会是战后初期最重要的外交课题。在这一过程中,如何以最小的代价,以对己最有利的方式实现媾和成为日本各界关注的焦点。然而,一般来说何时媾和,把何种问题纳入媾和议题等均由掌握媾和主导权的战胜国来决定。二战后美苏矛盾不断激化,东西冷战的乌云迅速蔓延东亚的形势下,掌握对日占领主导权的美国,为使日本尽快成为"东亚防共防波堤",高唱对日"宽大的媾和",致使日本置喙媾和问题的机会陡然增加。在东西冷战迅速蔓延的形势下,安全保障问题和与之相联系的日本周边岛屿的处置问题,成了日本能否谋求同盟国尽早实现媾和的关键。最终日本吉田茂政府接受美军继续驻扎日本本土;牺牲冲绳人民的利益,同意美国以联合国的名义托管琉球(冲绳),日本只保留"潜在主权(或‘残存主权’)"的有限恢复主权的方式实现了同西方阵营的"多数媾和"——即事实上的"片面媾和"。To Japan who was stopped exercising a state sovereignty after being defeated,realizing peacemaking,ending the occupation as soon as possible,resuming the exercise of sovereignty and rejoining the international community were the most important diplomatic topics in the early days of postwar.In this process,how to minimize the cost,use the most advantageous way to make peace had become the concern of all sectors of the Japanese society.However,when to make peace and what were put in the peace treaty depended on countries winning the war.After World War II,US-Soviet Union contradiction became intensified,and the dark clouds of the Cold War spread in East Asia;the USA who had the dominant right over the occupation of Japan,in order to make Japan an ＂ East Asia breakwater against the Communist ＂,singed a ＂lenient peacemaking＂ over Japan,increasing the opportunities that Japan could join the discussion of peacemaking abruptly.Under the situation of a rapid spreading of the Cold War,security issues associated with the disposal problems of surrounding islands of Japan became the key to making peace with the allies.Finally,Shigeru Yoshida government accepted the continuation of deployment of U.S army and agreed U.S to trust Okinawa in the name of the United Nations by sacrificing the interests of the people in Okinawa,and in the way of retaining the potential sovereignty（or ’residual sovereignty’）,and limited restoration of sovereignty to realize the peacemaking with the majority of western camp,that is,a de facto ＂one-sided peacemaking＂.

关 键 词：二战后 领土处理问题 日本 美国 托管冲绳 

分 类 号：D819[政治法律—国际关系]