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机构地区:[1]西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,陕西西安710055
出 处:《水处理技术》2013年第4期70-74,共5页Technology of Water Treatment
基 金:国家自然科学基金项目(51008243;51178378;51278408);陕西省科技统筹创新计划项目(2012KTCL03-06)
摘 要:对城市污水二级处理水经混凝沉淀、砂滤预处理后,利用自主制备改进的PVDF/PVP超滤膜和开发的全自动膜分离装置进行再生处理,考察了不同水力清洗操作条件和加药反洗对抑制膜污染的效果及相关参数,并与国内外应用广泛的超滤膜作了比较。结果表明,(1)改变水力清洗条件时,反洗流量的改变可以在很大程度上减缓PVDF/PVP改性膜的膜污染,当反洗流量由产水流量的1.5倍逐渐扩大到2倍时,以跨膜压差增长率所表示的膜污染速率由0.387(kPa.m2)/d减少到0.085(kPa.m2)/d,膜污染速率减少78%;(2)最佳水力清洗方式下跨膜压差增长程度控制在1.11~1.37 kPa左右时,采用次氯酸钠溶液加药反洗可以使跨膜压差完全恢复,最佳水力清洗方式为反洗时间80 s、流量640 L/h,快洗时间60 s、流量800 L/h,加药反洗周期为120个过滤周期;(3)PVDF/PVP改进膜水力清洗与加药反洗时,清洗压力与耗水量较低于国内外一些主要超滤膜产品的运行参数,表明具有抗污染强。This paper presents a pilot study which uses coagulation, sedimentation and sand filtration as pretreatment for the automatic membrane separation device to treat secondary effluent. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different operational conditions and chemical enhanced backwash(CEB) on the inhibition of membrane fouling. The results show that: (1) As the hydraulic cleaning conditions change, the changing of backwash flow can substantially reduce the membrane fouling, when the backwash flow gradually expands from 1.5 times of the filtrate flow to 2 times under the experimental conditions, the membrane fouling rate reduces from 0.387 (kPa .m2)/d to 0.085 (kPa.m2)/d, the membrane fouling rate decreases 78%; (2) Utilizing one NaC10 CEB can fully restore the transmembrane pressure when the increase of the transmembrane pressure is controlled around 1.11- 1.37 kPa. In this test, the best hydraulic cleaning condition is backwash for 80 s with a constant permeate back flow around 640 L/h and forward flush for 60 s with flow 800 L/h, the CEB frequency is 120 cycles. (3) The cleaning pressure and water consumption of the PVDF/PVP improved ultrafiltration membrane is lower than some of the major domestic and foreign film manufacturers operating parameters, It has the advantages of good anti-pollution and recovery effect and low energy consumption.
分 类 号:TQ028.8[化学工程] X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]
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