北京市居家空气微生物污染特征  

Characteristics of airborne microbial pollution in indoor environments in Beijing

作　　者：方治国[1] 欧阳志云[2] 刘芃[3] 孙力[3] 王小勇[3] 

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学环境科学与工程学院,杭州310012 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [3]北京宝洁技术有限公司舒肤佳家庭卫生研究院,北京100086

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2013年第4期1166-1172,共7页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金项目(No.41005085);北京宝洁技术有限公司舒肤佳家庭卫生研究院科技项目;国家自然科学基金项目(No.41030744);教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金~~

摘　　要：在北京市选取31户有1岁至10岁儿童的家庭进行空气微生物取样,系统研究了室内家庭空气微生物污染特征.结果表明,北京市居家环境空气微生物总浓度变化范围为269～13066CFU·m-3,均值为2658CFU·m-3,空气细菌浓度变化范围为47～12341CFU·m-3,均值为1821CFU·m-3,空气真菌浓度变化范围为62～3498CFU·m-3,均值为837CFU·m-3.空气细菌和真菌浓度百分比分别为61.0%和39.0%,细菌浓度明显高于真菌浓度.居家环境优势细菌属依次为微球菌属(Micrococcus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)和库克菌属(Kocuria),4属细菌百分比约占63.1%～70.9%,优势真菌属为青霉属(Penicillium)、枝孢属(Cladosporium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、链格孢属(Alternaria)和茎点霉属(Phoma),分别约占总数的36.0%、17.8%、9.3%、5.3%和3.6%.文中最后针对北京市居家环境空气微生物污染的现状及其来源,从宠物饲养、空调清理、室内外优良环境的保持及垃圾处理、室内花卉种植等方面提出了治理建议.The characteristics of airborne microbial pollution indoor were investigated. Indoor air samples were collected with imitated six-stage Andersen samplers in 31 family homes with children in Beijing. Results showed that the total microbial concentration, bacterial concentration and fungal concentration ranged from 269 CFU·m^-3 to 13066 CFU·m^-3, 47 CFU·m^-3 to 12341 CFU·m^-3, and 62 CFU·m^-3 to 3498 CFU·m^-3, respectively, and the mean concentration was 2658 CFU·m^-3, 1821 CFU·m^-3, and 837 CFU·m^-3, respectively. The concentration percentage of bacteria and fungi was 61.0% and 39.0%, and the bacterial concentration was significantly higher than that of airborne fungi. Amongst all the airborne bacteria, Micrococcus was the most dominant bacterial genus, followed by Bacillus, Staphylococcus and Kocuria. These four bacteria genera in total accounted for about 63.1% to 70.9% of total airborne bacteria. The predominant fungal genera were Penicillium （36.0%）, Cladosporium （17.8%）, Aspergillus （9.3%）, Alternaria （5.3%）, and Phoma （3.6%）. Finally, the control strategies of airborne microbial pollution from pet raising, air conditioner cleaning, indoor and outdoor environment preservation, refuse disposal, and indoor flower planting were provided based on the pollution characteristics of airborne microbes in family homes in Beijing.

关 键 词：居家环境 空气微生物 生物污染 生物气溶胶 治理措施 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X172