明清之际中国天文学转型中的宇宙论与计算  

Cosmos and Computation in the Transformation of Chinese Astronomy During the Late Ming and Early Qing China

作　　者：王广超[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2013年第2期61-65,127,共5页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:10973022)

摘　　要：从宇宙论与计算之间的关系方面探讨明清之际中国天文学转型。中国古代天文学中宇宙论与计算是相互脱节的,这不仅体现在历法运算与狭义的宇宙论模型之间,还体现在历算与广义的宇宙论之间。明清之际,西方天文学传入中国。在此影响下,明清天文学家对中国天文学的宇宙论、计算之间的关系进行了重构,接受了西方天文学的以几何模型为基础的计算方法,以及藉助于几何及逻辑方法而展开的说理体系,宇宙论模型和计算方法得以融会。但是,这一转型只停留在宇宙论模型这一层面上,明清之际历算之学还是缺乏更深层次的广义宇宙论作为理论依托。This paper studies the transformation of Chinese astronomy during the late Ming and early Qing based on the relationship between cosmos and computation. Chinese calendrical method appeared not so much based on theoretical considerations as on empirical data from actual observations. Chinese mathematical astronomy was marked by indifference toward cosmology. The Western astronomy, which Jesuit missionaries introduced into the late Ming and early Qing China had a pervasive and profound influence on Chinese astronomy. By adapting the Western astronomical knowledge to the traditional Chinese astronomy, the early Qing astronomers brought about a great transformation of the Chinese astronomy. Chinese astronomers at that time accommodated with the European astronomical schemes by means of geometrical models and deductive system in which cosmology and computation had been reconciled. The change remained on technical level and did not go deep into theoretical foundation.

关 键 词：宇宙论 历算 天文学转型 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]