连续施肥对土壤磷钾组分变化的影响  

Different fractions of phosphorous and potassium in soils as affected by successive fertilization

作　　者：张漱茗[1] 于淑芳[1] 刘光栋[1] 阎华 

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,山东济南250100

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2000年第4期375-382,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

摘　　要：以 10年肥料定位试验土壤为材料 ,研究了连续施肥对 3种土壤磷钾组分含量的影响。结果表明 ,连续施用NPK化肥、化肥基础上增施有机肥 ,均可提高土壤有机磷总量、无机磷总量、全钾含量及其它各组分 (形态 )的含量。有机磷总量平均分别提高 0 34倍和 1 0 8倍 ,其中AOP提高 1 71倍和 2 4 5倍 ;无机磷总量分别提高 0 4 0倍和 0 4 7倍 ,其中Ca2 P提高 6 3倍和 7 69倍 ;全钾含量提高很少 ,但水溶性钾提高 6 88倍和 11 17倍。连续 10年不施肥土壤磷钾总量及各组分含量均降低。连续施钾与不施钾 ,土壤粘粒X射线衍射图谱没有明显差异 ,但不施K肥土壤粘粒 ( <2 μm)Changes of three different fractions of phosphorous (P) and potassium(K) in soil with 10 years successive fertilization were studied. The results showed that three years application of both NPK and NPK plus OM (organic manure) increased the total organic P (OP) and by 1 34 and 2 09 times in all three test soils. Of OP,the active OP content rose up to 2 71 and 3 45 times as in the original soils, moderately active OP to 1 42 and 1 58, highly active OP to 1 28 and 1 41 times, respectively. During the same period, the inorganic P (IP) increased by 1 4 and 1 47 times, respectively. Of IP, the Ca 2?P rose up to 7 37 and 8 69, Ca 8?P to 1 99 and 2 15, Al?P to 3 67 and 4 06, Fe?P to 2 29 and 2 36, O?P to 1 21 and 1 4, Ca 10 ?P to 0 96 and 0 97 times, respectively. As for the total K in the test soils, both NPK and NPK plus OM fertilization practices changed K contents, which were 1 02 and 0 999 times that of the original soils. The fraction of soluble K rose to 7 88 and 12 17, non?specific adsorbed K to 1 82 and 2 31, rapidly available to 1 49 and 1 85, slowly available to 1 04 and 1 23, mineral K to 1 012 and 1 015 time, respectively. In contrast, each fraction of P and K declined in all non fertilized soils. X?ray diffraction diagrams indicated that K?containing minerals as mica had little changes when K applied. However, the total K in the clay fraction (<2μm) tended to decline without K application. It is assumed that part of the adsorbed K by crops probably come from mica and the like minerals.

关 键 词：连续施肥 土壤 磷钾组分 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] S147.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]