合肥市2005-2011年儿童血铅水平及影响因素分析  

Blood lead level and its influencing factors among children in Hefei,2005-2011

作　　者：傅苏林[1] 张黎明[1] 李辉[1] 汪小燕[1] 朱梅[1] 杨丙立[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省合肥市妇幼保健所,230001

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2013年第3期320-323,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：合肥市应用技术研究与开发项目[合科合同(卫)字2008(1011)号]

摘　　要：目的了解2005-2011年合肥市儿童血铅水平、分布特征及变化情况,为制定环境铅污染控制措施、保护儿童健康提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,在合肥市城区采集0～6岁儿童末梢血7 788例,采用原子吸收光谱法检测儿童血铅值,同时对儿童家长进行问卷调查。结果合肥市儿童血铅平均值为48.53μg/L,血铅水平≥100μg/L的占2.8%。血铅均值及高血铅率均呈逐年下降趋势。男童的血铅水平均值(51.03μg/L)高于女童(44.72μg/L),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多元回归分析显示,母亲职业、饭前是否洗手、喂养方式、经常食用膨化食品因素会影响儿童的血铅水平。结论合肥市儿童血铅水平呈下降趋势,但仍有一定的危害;控制环境铅污染、降低儿童血铅水平是一项长期任务。Objective To evaluate the blood lead levels（BLL）,distribution and changing trends among children in Hefei during 2005-2011,and to provide evidence for developing the policy to control environmental lead pollution.Methods A stratified cluster random sampling was used.A total of 7 788 children aged 0-6 years old from urban Hefei were tested the peripheral blood for lead level by atomic absorption spectrographic method.By the way,related factors were also studied using a standardized questionnaire.Results It was found that the mean BLL was 48.53 μg/L among children in Hefei between 2005 and 2011,of whom 2.8% BLL was more than 100 μg/L.In addition,the mean BLL decreased with time,especially the percent of children with lead poisoning level decreased as well and showed the stabilized trend.Further analysis revealed that BLL among boys（51.03 μg/L） was significantly higher than that among girls（44.72 μg/L） in each age group.Finally,the risk factors which influenced blood lead levels included mothers’ job,habits of hand-washing before eating,feeding models and frequency of eating puffing food.Conclusion The overall trend of BLL is decreasing among children in Hefei.However,harmful lead pollution still exists,which means that the prevention and control of lead poisoning would be a long-term policy among children in Hefei.

关 键 词：血液化学分析 铅 症状和体征 回归分析 儿童 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R595.2[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]