动力学阿尔文波的实验研究(英文)  

Experimental Studies of Kinetic Alfvén Waves

作　　者：吴德金[1] 陈玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院紫金山天文台

出　　处：《物理学进展》2013年第2期57-85,共29页Progress In Physics

基　　金：supported by NSFC under Grant Nos.10973043 and 41074107;by MSTC under Grant No.2011CB811402

摘　　要：动力学阿尔文波是垂直波长接近离子回旋半径或电子惯性长度的短波长色散阿尔文波,由于能在磁等离子体的丝化精细结构和带电粒子能化现象中起重要作用,一直是空间和实验室等离子体物理领域里具有广泛兴趣的研究课题。特别是1990年代后,由于空间卫星探测技术和地面等离子体实验技术的不断发展,特别是一些高分辨空间等离子体探测仪器和地面大型等离子体实验设备投入工作以来,在动力学阿尔文波的实验研究上取得了一系列突破性的重要进展。这不仅在实验上进一步证实了动力学阿尔文波一系列重要的理论特性,也导致了对动力学阿尔文波在磁等离子体动力学现象中重要作用的重新认识,并在从地面实验室等离子体到空间和天体等离子体的广泛领域里再次激发了对动力学阿尔文波的研究兴趣。在这篇综述性报告里,我们将着重介绍自上世纪90年代以来有关动力学阿尔文波实验研究的主要进展,包括在地面实验室大型等离子体装置上进行的实验研究、由科学卫星在空间等离子体中进行的实地测量证认、以及对太阳大气中动力学阿尔文波相关信号的遥测分析。这些实验研究覆盖了动力学阿尔文波物理的各个方面,涉及的内容从动力学阿尔文波的基本色散关系、电磁偏振状态、激发与耗散机制,到非线性相互作用和不同等离子体环境下湍动谱的特性等。这将有助于读者更加全面、完整地理解动力学阿尔文波的物理本质及其相关现象。Alfvén waves （KAWs hereafter）, dispersive Alfvén waves with a short perpendicular wavelength comparable to the ion gyroradius or the electron inertial length, have been an increasingly interesting subject in space and laboratory plasmas because it can play an important role in the formation of filamentous fine-structures and the energization of charged particles in magneto-plasmas. In particular, since 1990＇s advances in both space- and ground-based experimental techniques have led to a series of great and important progresses in experimental study of KAWs. These experimental studies not only confirmed many essential, significant, and interesting features of KAWs predicted by theories, but also led to the reevaluation of the importance of KAWs in the magneto-plasma dynamics and remotivated studying interest of KAWs in various magneto-plasma phenomena from laboratory to space and astrophysical plasmas. This paper presents a review of experimental studies of KAWs, including plasma experiments on large plasma devices in laboratory, in situ measurements by satellites in space plasmas from the magnetosphere to the solar wind, and remote observations from the solar atmosphere. These experimental studies cover various aspects of KAW physics, including their basic dispersion relations, electromagnetic polarization states, excitation and dissipation mechanisms, nonlinear interaction phenomena, and turbulence spectra in various plasma environments. This review is particularly helpful for readers to understand comprehensively KAW physics and KAW-related phenomena.

关 键 词：等离子体实验 动力学阿尔文波 实验室等离子体 空间等离子体 

分 类 号：O534[理学—等离子体物理]