杀微生物剂在女性性工作者中推广的可行性及经济学伦理学的专业人员看法  

Public health workers' views about feasibility and economics ethics of microbicide in the promotion among female sex workers

作　　者：钟珣[1] 钟晓妮[1] 贾元元[1] 姚宁[1] 阮玉华[2] 姜和 

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学公共卫生学院卫生统计学教研室,重庆400016 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心 [3]重庆前沿生物技术有限公司

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2013年第7期1282-1285,1288,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：艾滋病"十一五"国家科技重大专项(2008ZX10001-015)

摘　　要：目的调查女性性工作者的艾滋病知识、态度、预防干预措施和防治信念,了解其对杀微生物剂推广的可行性及经济学伦理学方面的情况。方法采用个人定性深入访谈的方式,对21名公共卫生人员按照半结构式访谈提纲进行调查,转录出全部访谈内容并结合访谈提纲的框架总结归纳出分析的主题分类,采用MAXQDA软件对访谈文本进行主题编码,分析归纳主要问题。结果女性性工作者对艾滋病知识的掌握较以前有所改善,态度总体上比较积极,安全套的使用情况好,政府和卫生部门对她们的健康教育和干预措施进行有序,宣传也很到位。大多数被访者都认为杀微生物剂一旦效果和安全性得到了肯定,那么女性性工作者是愿意接受的,并同时对它有着良性的需求,它相比安全套更方便,不影响性生活,这些都说明了杀微生物剂推广的可行性和必要性。然而,女性性工作者作为这种药物的受试对象,必定会对药物的毒副作用存在担心,并且又由于女性性工作者的档次,文化素养之分导致她们对杀微生物剂的性状,效果等期望不一,经济承受能力也不同,因此杀微生物剂应在研制成熟的基础上保证有效性和安全性,充分考虑受试者的安全以及选择的多样化。同时,国家应对女性性工作者使用杀微生物剂的费用提供减免。最后,要主张正确的性道德,宣传安全套和杀微生物剂使用双管齐下,有效地预防艾滋病,抵制可能出现的性行为去抑制现象。结论杀微生物剂的使用必须要在临床试验成功后达到一个效果,安全性都得到保证的情况下才能用于大众,并且还要经历一个长期的过程,而且应该加强对女性性工作者这一类高危人群进行正确的健康宣导和提供杀微生物剂的精准信息,为不久的将来杀微生物剂的研制成功及在人类预防艾滋病的道路中做出贡献给予有效的依据和坚实的基础。OBJECTIVE To investigate knowledge about HIV and their perspectives on HIV risk and prevention among female sex workers （FSWs）, plus the situation about the feasibility of the promotion, economics, ethical aspects in the use of microbicide. METHODS Qualitative in-depth interview method was used to investigated a total of 21 public health workers according to the semi-structured, open-ended interview guides. The raw data were coded and categorized into manageable units of analysis with the help of MAXQDA software. Initial categories for analyzing data were draw from the interview guides. RESULTS The knowledge of HIV among FSWs was improved than before and they held positive attitude in general and the use of condoms was well, while the government and health departments carried out the relevant health education and intervention measures, plus the right propaganda. Most respondents held that FSWs were willing to accept microbicide and had a benign demand about it as soon as its effect and safety were guaranteed, moreover, microbicide was more convenient than the condom and would not affect sexual life, which demonstrated the feasibility and necessity of promotion. However, as the drug test subjects, the FSWs would be worrying about the drug’s side effects, and the various expectations on the character and effect of microbicide as well as the different expense attribute to different class and educational level among FSWs. So, microbicides should be developed on the basis of the mature technology and ensure effectiveness and safety, at the same time, full consideration of the security and diversification of subjects’ choice must be paid. Consequently, the state should pay the expense of microbicides for the FSWs to some extent. Finally, we propagandize the proper sexual morality and the condoms use accompanied with microbicides, thus we could prevent AIDS effectively and boycotted sexual behaviour which would happen. CONCLUSION Since the clinical trials are successful, the drug effect and safety are ensured, t

关 键 词：杀微生物剂 女性性工作者 可行性 伦理学 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]