不同苜蓿雄性不育系杂交组合牧草产量杂种优势分析  

The Heterosis of Forage Yield of Cross Combinations with Alfalfa Male Sterile Lines

作　　者：蔡丽艳[1,2] 石凤翎[1] 陈海玲[3] 李志勇[2] 李鸿雁[2] 高翠萍[1] 王成海 解永凤[2] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [3]中国林业科学院沙漠林业实验中心,内蒙古015203 [4]乌兰察布市察右后旗草原监理所,内蒙古012400

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2013年第2期24-30,共7页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31060321;31260576);内蒙古自然科学基金(2010Zd09);内蒙古社会发展领域科技计划项目(20082002)

摘　　要：用8个苜蓿雄性不育系和4个杂交父本,按照不完全双列杂交设计(NCII)配制32个杂交组合,测定了各组合及其亲本的干草产量、株高、分枝数、中间小叶长、中间小叶宽、叶面积、节间数、节间长、主茎粗等指标。分析了各性状与牧草产量杂种优势形成的关系。结果表明:株高、分枝数、主茎粗和节间数与牧草产量紧密相关,这几个性状均与牧草产量优势的形成呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。根据牧草产量及杂种优势效应分析,2×Ⅰ、2×Ⅱ、2×Ⅲ、4×Ⅰ、10×Ⅳ、11×Ⅰ、11×Ⅱ及12×Ⅰ杂交组合优势强,单株干草产量较高,中亲优势、超高亲优势及超低亲优势多数表现为正向优势,其中2×Ⅱ、2×Ⅲ、4×Ⅰ及12×Ⅰ的竞争优势大于40%,具有较大的利用潜力。32 hybridization combinations were made using incomplete diallel cross design （NCⅡ）, and 8 alfalfa male sterile lines were used as maternal and 4 alfalfa varieties （or species） with superior characters were used as paternal. The agronomic characters of hybridization combinations and their parents were tested, including yield per plant, plant height, branch number, width and length of leaflets, leaf areas, internode number, internode length, diameter of main stem. The relationship between agronomic characters and heterosis of forage yield was analyzed. The results showed that plant height, branch number, diameter of main stem and internode number were closely related to forage yield. Based on forage production and heterosisanalysis, cross combinations （2×Ⅰ、2×Ⅱ、2×Ⅲ、4×Ⅰ、10×Ⅳ、11×Ⅰ、11×Ⅱ and 12×I） had strong heterosis, they had higher yield per plant, and their mid-parent heterosis, heterosis superior to parents and heterosis less lower-parents showed positive heterosis. Strong heterotic combinations competitive advantage of 2×Ⅱ、2×Ⅲ、4×Ⅰ,and 12×Ⅰ were more than 40%, they had important utilization potential.

关 键 词：苜蓿 雄性不育 农艺性状 杂种优势 杂交组配 

分 类 号：S541[农业科学—作物学]