氮素和水分添加对短花针茅荒漠草原植物群落特征的影响  

Effects of Addition of Nitrogen and Water on Plant Community Characteristics of Stipa brevifloraDesert Steppe

作　　者：白春利[1,2] 阿拉塔 陈海军[1,3] 单玉梅 额尔敦花[1] 王明玖[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [3]中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2013年第2期69-75,共7页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：内蒙古自然科学基金项目"荒漠草原暖季放牧山羊和绵羊牧食行为的比较研究"(2009MS0410)

摘　　要：为研究氮素和水分添加对草原群落结构的影响,于2011年5月初在短花针茅荒漠草原的自由放牧区和禁牧围封区进行了添加氮素、添加水分、添加氮素和水分三种处理,并于当年6月、8月、10月分别在各处理区对植物群落的盖度、高度、株丛数、植物地上生物量进行了调查。结果表明,添加氮素对群落特征、群落α多样性和群落地上生物量产生了一定的影响;添加水分显著增加了群落的丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数(P<0.05);添加水分和氮素对短花针茅群落的重要值影响较大,有利于降低群落的生态优势度,在植物生长旺盛期显著增加了自由放牧区群落地上生物量(P<0.05)。氮素和水分有互作效应,各处理对群落特征的影响有赖于时间的积累,对土壤养分含量较低的自由放牧区产生影响所需时间较禁牧围封区短。To study the effects of addition of nitrogen and water on plant community characteristics of a desert steppe, four experiments were respectively set up, i.e. nitrogen addition （ND）, water （WD）, nitrogen and water addition （NWD） and control （CK） with five repeats in a free grazed addition paddock and a grazing enclosed paddock in Stipa breviflora desert steppe, Inner Mongolia. The experiments were started in May, and the field surveys including plant coverage, height and density, above-ground biomass were done in June, August and October, 2011. The results showed that ND had fewer impact on major plant important value, a diversity of community and above-ground biomass; WD influenced Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index significantly（P〈0.05） ;NWD had a significant effect on major plant important value, reduced the ecological dominance of the community, increased above-ground biomass significantly（P〈0.05）in the free grazed paddock during plant quick growing period. This showed certain interaction effects between nitrogen and water. The degree of influence of ND, WD and NWD on community characteristics depends on a long term accumulation effect. The impact on the free grazed pad-dock with relatively low soil nutrient content was more significant than on the grazing enclosed paddock.

关 键 词：短花针茅 氮素添加 水分添加 荒漠草原 群落特征 

分 类 号：S812.4[农业科学—草业科学]