我国草原牧区可持续发展模式及对策研究  

A Study on the Sustainable Development Model and Countermeasures of Pastoral Areas in China

作　　者：马林[1] 张扬[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连民族学院经济管理学院,辽宁大连116600

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2013年第2期104-109,共6页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目(10AMZ006);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(DC10050201)资助

摘　　要：近年来我国牧区发展取得了显著成效,但在市场需求与草原产出能力之间、牧民增收要求与收入结构失调之间、畜牧业特有规律与家庭牧场生产方式之间、人口压力与畜牧业生产方式转变之间也存在着亟待解决的突出矛盾,以致阻碍了牧区整体的健康、可持续发展。通过实地调研,对具有特色的鄂尔多斯现代家庭牧场发展模式、西乌珠穆沁旗生态旅游推进模式、和林格尔县蒙牛澳亚示范牧场模式、"梅陇"生态畜牧业发展模式、平安县"西繁东育"发展模式等五种发展模式进行了总结和提炼,认为这五种模式有可能成为国家在牧区可持续发展领域的前沿和典范。同时,运用"开放畜牧业系统+拓宽增收渠道+创新生态建设方式"框架阐释典型牧区可持续发展的成功因素,指出只有兼顾畜牧业系统开放、民生改善及生态恢复的动态平衡才能实现牧区的可持续发展。在此基础上,提出了促进我国草原牧区可持续发展的对策。Pastoral areas in China have got remarkable success in recent years, while there are four problems hindered the healthy and sustainable development in pastoral areas, such as contradictions between demand and output capacity of grassland, contradictions between income increasing requirements of herdsman and income structure, contradictions between specific rules Of animal husbandry and the family production mode, contradictions between population pressure and changing production mode. Based on the field investigation and research, the Ordos modern family ranch development model, Xiwuzhumuqin Qi ec- ological tourism development model, Horinger Mengniu demonstration farm development model, Meilong ecological animal husbandry development model, Pingan County ＂breeding in West and raising in East＂ de- velopment model of local characteristics were summarized, it was considered that the five patterns could become the frontier and model of sustainable development in pastoral areas. In the meantime, using ＂opening animal husbandry system ＋ broadening channel of increasing income ＋ innovating way of ecological construction＂ framework to interpret success factors of typical animal husbandries, that it will be sustainable development only when giving consideration to dynamic balance of these factors was pointed out. At last, countermeasures about how to promote sustainable development in pastoral areas were put forward.

关 键 词：草原 牧区 可持续发展 模式 对策 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济] S8-1[农业科学—畜牧兽医]