医务人员职业暴露监测分析及干预对策  

Monitoring of occupational exposure in medical staff and intervention strategies

作　　者：赵丽霞[1] 杨乐[1] 宋舸[1] 吴云亚[1] 朱梦捷[1] 

机构地区：[1]常州市第二人民医院感染管理科,江苏常州213003

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2013年第7期1651-1652,1658,共3页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

摘　　要：目的分析医务人员发生职业暴露的相关因素,探讨有效干预对策。方法采用前瞻性的调查方法,监测2012年医务人员职业暴露发生情况。结果共发生63名医务人员职业暴露,其中以护士为主占68.25%,多集中在20～25岁低年资职工占42.86%,职业暴露科室多见于外科占36.51%,科室以病房居首位占49.21%,主要以锐器刺伤为主占79.37%,拔针、手术缝合和抽血分别占26.98%、17.46%、15.87%),为职业暴露发生的主要环节,暴露源中患有血源性传播疾病34例,占53.97%,以乙型肝炎为主(25例),暴露后均能正确处理伤口,未出现医务人员感染现象。结论通过建立职业安全防护制度,加强教育与培训,执行标准预防,规范操作行为,组织职工年度体检及预防接种,能有效减少和降低医务人员职业暴露及其伤害。OBJECTIVE To analyze the factors associated with the occupational exposure in medical staff, and to probe possible intervention strategies. METHODS The prospective investigation was carried out to monitor the incidence of occupational exposure in the medical staff in 2012. RESULTS There were 63 cases of occupational exposure during the study. The accidents occurred mainly in the nurses （68.25 %） , most were aged between 20 and 25 years, accounting for 42.86%, and the occupational exposures were most common in the departments of surgery （36.51%）. Among the departments, the wards ranked the first place （49.21%）, and the sharp injuries accounted for 79. 37% . The withdrawal of needles （26. 98%）, surgical sutures（17. 46%） and blood drawing （15.78 %） were the main procedures of the occupational exposures. There were 34 patients （53.97 %） with blood- borne diseases as the source of exposure, most of them were infected with hepatitis B （25 cases）. The wound could be correctly handled after the occurrence of occupational exposure, and the infections did not occur in any medical staff. CONCLUSION Establishing the occupational safety and protection system, strengthening education and training medical staffs, performing the standard precautions, standardizing operation practices, organizing annual employee physical examination and prophylactic immunization can effectively reduce the incidence of occupa- tional exposure as well as its harm to the medical staff.

关 键 词：医务人员 职业暴露 监测分析 干预对策 

分 类 号：R197.323[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]