局部灌水条件下玉米根系的时空分布研究  

Spatial and temporal distribution of maize root with localized water supply

作　　者：漆栋良[1] 胡田田[1] 李瑞[2] 程冬玲[1] 赵世翔[2] 李思恩[3] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,甘肃武威733000 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国农业大学农业部野外重点观测试验站,甘肃武威733000

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第3期159-164,171,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51079124);中央高校基本科研业务费专项

摘　　要：【目的】研究局部灌溉方式对玉米根系时空分布的影响。【方法】以"金穗四号"春玉米为供试材料,在大田条件下对玉米进行垄植沟灌,采用交替隔沟灌溉(灌水在沟南北两侧交替进行)、固定隔沟灌溉(灌水始终在沟南侧进行)和常规灌溉(沟两侧同时灌水且各占1/2)3种灌水方式,灌水量均为2 250m3/hm2,于抽雄期、灌浆期、成熟期对0～100cm土层分层(每20cm为1层)监测根部及根部南北两侧根系的生长状况,分析根系的空间分布规律。【结果】灌水方式对根系空间分布的影响在玉米生长的不同生育期表现不同。总体而言,0～100cm土层中各生育期玉米的根长密度平均值均以交替隔沟灌溉较大。玉米生育中后期,60～100cm土层中固定隔沟灌溉非灌水侧根长密度较常规灌溉增大。【结论】交替隔沟灌溉有利于根系的生长,交替隔沟灌溉和固定隔沟灌溉均可促进根系的下扎及延伸。【Objective】 The research was to investigate the spatial and temporal root distribution of maize under localized water supply.【Method】 With the spring maize of ＂Jinsui 4＂ as experimental material,maize were planted on ridges in field and irrigated on alternate furrow（alternate irrigated between north and south sides,alternate furrow irrigation,AI）,on one furrow only（irrigated in one side from beginning to the end,fixed furrow irrigation,FI）,or on both furrows（irrigated two sides half and half,conventional furrow irrigation,CI）.The total irrigation water amounts were 2 250 m3/hm2 for all irrigated methods.Root length densities in different soil layers between 0-100 cm（with 20 cm as a layer） on plants and their north and south sides were measured at the growth stages of tasselling,filling and maturity.【Result】 The results showed that the average root length densities of the maize plants at different growth stages by alternate furrow irrigation were larger in the soil layer of 0-100 cm.In the late period of maize growth,the root length density was larger in no-irrigated area of fixed furrow irrigation than conventional furrow irrigation in the soil layer of 60-100 cm.【Conclusion】 Alternate irrigation benefits the growth of root system,the alternate irrigation and fixed irrigation can promote the plunge and extension of roots.

关 键 词：灌水方式 根长密度 时空分布 玉米 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]