辽东湾北部近海沙蜇的动态分布  

Dynamic distribution of Nemopilema nomurai in inshore waters of the northern Liaodong Bay,Bohai Sea

作　　者：王彬[1,2] 秦宇博 董婧[1,2] 李玉龙[1,2] 王文波[1,2] 李轶平[1,2] 孙明[1] 刘春洋[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院,大连116023 [2]辽宁省海洋生物资源与生态学重点实验室,大连116023 [3]辽宁省海洋环境预报总站,沈阳110001

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第6期1701-1712,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(国家973计划)(2011CB403601);海洋公益性行业科研专项(200905019-4);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903005);国家海洋公益性科研专项(201005018)

摘　　要：通过分析2008—2011年5月下旬至7月下旬辽东湾北部近海的大型水母锚流网监测数据并结合8月份的渔业资源拖网调查和渔港访问的数据,探讨辽东湾北部近海沙蜇的动态分布移动规律并着重分析了沙蜇幼水母的生态类型,为渔业资源生产和灾害性预警预报提供科学依据。结果显示:6月份,辽东湾北部近海发现大量沙蜇幼水母,并且在双台子河河口近海5 m等深线两侧水域形成密集区,6月上中旬沙蜇海区平均渔获密度52.8个.网-1·h-1,6月下旬海区平均渔获密度46个.网-1·h-1,最高渔获密度可达667个.网-1·h-1,出现在双台子河口5 m等深线内;7月份,沙蜇个体增大,逐渐进入成体阶段,调查海区沙蜇渔获数量比6月份大幅度减少,并且渔获密度的中心区向5—10 m等深线内偏深水域移动,7月上旬海区平均渔获密度5.1个.网-1·h-1,7月中下旬海区平均渔获密度1.8个.网-1·h-1;8月中旬辽东湾北部近海5 m等深线内沙蜇数量极少,在10—20 m等深线内海域往往出现成体沙蜇的密集区并形成渔汛。沙蜇幼水母生存的海水表层温度为17.7—27.3℃,表层盐度为24.3—31.9;渔获密度300个.网-1·h-1以上的沙蜇幼水母密集分布区海水表层温度为20.4—24.4℃,表层盐度为27.1—31.6。辽东湾北部河口区是沙蜇的可能发生地之一,相对于沙蜇成体阶段表现出来的低温高盐的生态属性而言,河口近海相对高温低盐水域往往出现沙蜇幼水母渔获的中心,沙蜇幼水母阶段表现出相对高温低盐的生态特性。沙蜇自幼水母至成体阶段,海区分布密集区自浅水位移至深水。Since the late 20th century, giant jellyfish blooms have occurred in successive years in the northern part of the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea and resulted in ecological disasters in these areas. The main genera in bloom were Nemopilema and Cyanea spp. with N. nomurai as the dominant species. Fishery resources decreased sharply and normal fishing was seriously affected in the sea area where giant jellyfish bloomed. Massive aggregations of N. nomurai had occurred in Liaodong Bay, part of the Bohai Sea since the end of the 20th century in successive years. These blooms had serious impacts on the structure of fishery resources of Liaodong Bay. The dynamic distribution of juvenile and adult N. nomurai and the dominant ecological type reported, juvenile medusae, were analyzed based on the sampling data obtained during the anchor drift net surveys in inshore waters within a 10m isobath of the northern Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea from late May to mid to late July from 2008 to 2011 combined with sampling data from trawl fishery resource surveys within a 20m isobath of northern Liaodong Bay and fishing pier interview surveys in August every year. In our study, many N. nomurai juvenile medusae were found in the inshore waters of Liaodong Bay in June, concentrated around the 5m isobath in coastal estuaries of the Shuangtaizi River. The average catch density of N. nomurai was 52.8 ind·net-1·h-1 in early and mid June, and 46 ind·net-1·h-1 in late June. The highest catch density, 667 ind·net-1·h-1, was found within the 5m isobath in coastal estuaries of the Shuangtaizi River. During July, the amount decreased markedly with the medusae increasing to adult size. The average catch density of N. nomurai was 5.1 ind·net-1·h-1 in early July and 1.8 ind·net-1·h-1 in mid to late July. After June the higher density area moved to deep waters. Few adult medusae of N. nomurai were found within the 5m isobath in inshore waters of northern Liaodong Bay in mid August, while a high-density area of adult medusae was found in the wat

关 键 词：分布 幼水母 辽东湾 沙蜇 温度 盐度 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]