上升流和水团对浙江中部近海浮游动物生态类群分布的影响  

The influence of upwelling and water mass on the ecological group distribution of zooplankton in Zhejiang coastal waters

作　　者：孙鲁峰[1] 柯昶[2] 徐兆礼[1,3] 阙江龙[1] 田丰歌[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室,中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090 [2]国家海洋局海洋咨询中心,北京100860 [3]厦门大学海洋与环境学院,厦门361005

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第6期1811-1821,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40776077);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2010CB428705)

摘　　要：依据2010年4月、7月和11月对浙江中部近海上升流海域进行的海洋调查资料,运用定量、定性方法,探讨了上升流对该海域浮游动物生态类群分布的影响。结果表明:3个季节共鉴定浮游动物64种,桡足类占主要优势,包括5个生态类群,分别是暖温带近海种、暖温带外海种、亚热带近海种、亚热带外海种和热带大洋种。在种类数组成上,春季以暖温带近海种为主,夏季则是亚热带近海种和亚热带外海种居多,秋季也是亚热带种居多,其中夏季暖温带种种类数要高于春季和秋季,这一现象与同时期东黄海沿海有所不同,主要是由于上升流将一些在海洋底部度夏的暖温种带至海洋表面造成的。此外,3个季节生态类群都是以近海种为主,表明沿岸流是影响这一海域的最主要的水团。在丰度组成上,4月暖温带近海种占总丰度的98.79%,7月暖温带近海种也是组成丰度的重要部分,10月则是亚热带近海种丰度最高。丰度组成所反映的规律与种类数组成规律一致。上升流的存在导致夏季近海暖温带种大量出现,是影响这一海域浮游动物生态类群组成的重要因素;受长江径流和椒江径流的影响,近海种成为主要生态类群,是这一海域浮游动物的一个重要的生态特征。The Zhejiang region experiences coastal upwelling characterized by low temperatures and high salinities throughout the year but particularly during the summer months. The upwelling in this area brings nutrients from the bottom to the surface, providing nutrients for large numbers of breeding plankton. The large quantities of zooplankton are a major food source for many fish and consequently the offshore waters of Zhejiang are productive fishing grounds. Another effect of the upwelling is that temperate warm water species that normally occur in deeper waters and offshore species are taken along with the current resulting in shifts in local zooplankton species composition and changes to the ecological structure and function of this group. This research was based on data from three oceanographic surveys in the offshore waters of the Yushan fishery during April, July and November of 2010. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, the primary aim of this paper was to examine the influence of upwelling on the ecological distribution of zooplankton in this area. A total of 64 species mainly dominated by copepods were identified which were classified into five major ecological groups including coastal temperate warm water species, offshore temperate warm water species, coastal subtropical water species, offshore subtropical water species and oceanic tropical water species. Coastal temperate warm water species were prevalent in spring, coastal subtropical water species and offshore subtropical water species in summer and subtropical species in autumn. The higher abundance of temperate warm water species such as Calanus sinicus, Paracalanus parvus and Sagitta nagae in summer relative to spring and autumn was primarily caused by the upwelling that transported these species from the bottom to the surface. This phenomenon is very different from the hydrodynamic processes that occur in the East and Yellow China Seas. Additionally, coastal species were the dominant zooplankton group, which means that coastal currents have the

关 键 词：上升流 浮游动物 生态类群 暖温种 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]