水、氮调控对夏玉米根系特性的影响  

Influence of water and N fertilizer regulation on root growth characteristics of summer maize

作　　者：杜红霞[1] 冯浩 吴普特 王百群[3] 

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,陕西西安710055 [2]国家节水灌溉杨凌工程技术中心,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2013年第1期89-94,100,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：西安建筑科技大学人才科技基金(RC1009);十一五"863"计划重点项目课题(2006AA100204)

摘　　要：采用土柱模拟试验研究了水、氮调控措施对夏玉米根系生长状况及其与籽粒产量之间的关系。结果表明:水分对根系干重、根系活力、根系表面积的影响较氮肥大;根系干重随土层深度增加而减小,0~10 cm土层尤为明显;0~20 cm根系密度较高,根系密度随土层深度增加先减小后上升;根干重和根系密度随施氮量增加而降低,根冠比基本呈减小趋势;氮肥能提高玉米根系活力。根干重、根系密度、根表面积和根系活力与籽粒产量和玉米地上部分干物质量均呈极显著相关关系;根冠比只与地上部分相关;根表面积和根系活力之间呈极显著相关关系;根系活力和根系吸氮能力对玉米生长和籽粒的形成有很重要的作用,存在显著正相关性。Soil column simulated experiment was ca^ied out to study the influence of different adjustment measures of water and nitrogen on root growth characteristics of summer maize, and the correlation between root parameters and grain yield, The results showed that water affected more significantly dry weight, activity and surface area of root than N fertilizer. The dry weight of root decreased with the increase of soil depth, especially in 0 ~ 10 cm soil layer. The root length density was large in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer, and it firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of soil depth. With the increasing of N application rate, the root dry weight and root length density decreased, while the ratio of root to shoot tended to decrease. N fertilizer could improve the root activity of maize. According to the correlation analy- sis, the root dry weight, root length density, root surface area and root activity were correlated very significantly with the grain yield and the dry matter mass above the ground; the ratio of root to shoot was correlated only with the dry matter mass above the ground; the root surface area was correlated very significantly with the root activity; the root activity and nitrogen absorption ability played an important role in the growth and grain formation of maize, and there was a significant correlation between them.

关 键 词：水 氮 根系 夏玉米 相关性 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S158.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]