青海保护性耕作农田杂草群落组成及生物多样性  

The community composition and biodiversity of weeds in conservation tillage system in Qinghai Province

作　　者：魏有海[1] 郭青云[1] 郭良芝[1] 翁华[1] 程亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海省农林科学院植保所,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2013年第1期219-225,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑项目(2012BAD19B02);国家"十一五"科技支撑项目(2006BAD08A09XX)

摘　　要：采用倒置"W"9点取样法对青海保护性耕作农田杂草种类进行了调查,以明确田间杂草的种类组成及群落结构。结果表明,青海省保护性耕作农田杂草有67种,隶属于25科,其中优势杂草有密花香薷(Elsholtziadensa Benth)、猪殃殃(Galium maborasense Masamune)、野燕麦(Avenafatua Linn.)、藜(Chenopodium album L.)、苣荬菜(Sonchus arvensis Linn.)、大刺儿菜(Cephalanoplos setosum(Willd.)Kitam.)6种,是构成青海各地区保护性耕作农田杂草群落的主要优势种,区域性优势杂草有5种,常见杂草有17种,一般杂草有39种。湟中地区主要形成猪殃殃+密花香薷+藜+野燕麦+大刺儿菜+芦苇+尼泊尔蓼为主的杂草群落;民和地区为狗尾草+藜+扁蓄+野燕麦+田旋花+荞麦蔓+大刺儿菜,平安地区为野燕麦+猪殃殃+苣荬菜+大刺儿菜+赖草+荞麦蔓+密花香薷+扁蓄+泽漆,化隆地区为薄蒴草+猪殃殃+野燕麦+荞麦蔓+苣荬菜+密花香薷,大通地区为野燕麦+猪殃殃+藜+大刺儿菜+问荆+密花香薷,刚察地区为密花香薷+西伯利亚蓼+薄蒴草+藜+微孔草+旱雀麦+苣荬菜+野胡萝卜。湟中和大通地区保护性耕作农田杂草群落的物种丰富度、多样性及均匀度较其它地区高,而优势度较低。从群落相似性来看,湟中和大通群落结构最为相似。地理环境、气候条件及控草措施的不同,可能是导致保护性耕作农田杂草发生及群落组成产生差异的原因。Weed survey was conducted by the method of inverted W-sampling to determine the composition of species and structure of weed communities in conservation tillage system in Qinghai Province. The results showed that there were 67 weed species belonging to 25 families in conservation tillage fields. The predominant species were Elsholtzia densa Benth, C, alium rnaborasense Masamune, Avena fatua Linn, Chenopodium album L., Sonchus arvensis Linn and Cephalanoplos setosum （Willd.） Kitam. There were 5 species of regional predominant weeds, 17 common weeds and 39 general weeds. Weed communities were dominated by C, alium maborasense Masamune ＋ Elsholtzia densa Benth ＋ Chenopodium album L. ＋ Avenafatua L. ＋ Cephalanoplos setosum （Willd） Kitam ＋ Phragmites australis （Cav.） Trin. ex Steud ＋ Polygonum nepalense Meisn in Huangzhong, Setaria viridis （I_inn.） Beauv ＋ Chertopodium album L. ＋ Polygonum aviculaye L. ＋ Avena fatua L. ＋ Convolvulus arvensis L. ＋ Polygonum oonvolvulus L. ＋ Cephalanoplos setosum （Willd） Kitam in Minhe, Avena fatua L. ＋ C, alium maborasense Masamune ＋ Sonchus brachy- otus DC. ＋ Cephalanoplos setosum （Willd） Kitam ＋ Leymus secalinus （Georgi） Tzvel ＋ Polygonum oonvolvulus L ＋ Elsholtzia densa Benth ＋ Polygonum aviculaye L. ＋ Euphorbia helioscopia Linn. in Ping＇an, Lepyrodiclis holosteoides ＋ C, alium maborasense Masamune ＋ Avena fatua L. ＋ Polygonum oonvolvulus L. ＋ Sonchus brachyotus DC. ＋ Elsholtzia densa Benth in Hualong, Arena fatua L. ＋ Galium maborasense Masamune ＋ Chenopodium album L. ＋ Cephalanoplos setosum （Willd） Kitam ＋ Equisetum arvense Linn. ＋ Elsholtzia densa Benth in Datong, and Elsholtzia densa Benth ＋ LeFyrodiclis holosteoides Laxm. ＋ Chenopodium album L. ＋ Bromus tectorum Linn. ＋ Sonchus brachyotus DC. ＋ Daucus carota in Gangcha. The species richness, diversity and evenness degree of weed communities in conservation tillage fields of Huangzhong and Datong were higher than those of oth

关 键 词：保护性耕作 杂草群落 生物多样性 优势度 群落相似性 

分 类 号：Q948.15[生物学—植物学]