灌木海桐(Pittosporum tobira)对土壤动物群落结构及多样性影响  

Effects of shrub Pittosporum tobira on the community structure and diversity of soil fauna

作　　者：李萌[1] 钟红梅[1] 陈正富[1] 钟奇志 何先进[1] 吴鹏飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学生命科学与技术学院,成都610041 [2]四川省阿坝州小金林业局,四川小金624200

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2013年第4期952-958,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(40801092);四川省青年基金项目(2012JQ0030);教育部科学技术研究重点项目(209154);四川省科技支撑项目(2010SZ0126);国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAK12B04-01);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(11NZYTH01和12ZYXS70);西南民族大学硕士点建设基金项目(2011XWD-S071012)资助

摘　　要：为了研究单株植物通过影响微环境对土壤动物群落产生的影响,本文比较了绿化灌木海桐(Pittosporum tobira)树冠内外土壤动物群落及多样性的差异性。结果表明:海桐树冠下的大型土壤动物类群较多,群落密度较大;中小型土壤动物群落密度在树冠内外差异不明显,但树冠下中小型土壤动物稀有类群更多,群落结构更复杂。线虫密度在树冠外较大,蜱螨类密度在树冠内较大,其他类群差异不显著。结合环境因子分析,海桐树冠外土壤湿度较高有利于湿生类群生存,但受人为干扰较强,因而稀有类群较少;树冠下土壤湿度较小,旱生类群密度较大,受人为干扰较弱,因而稀有类群更丰富。研究表明,海桐树冠通过影响土壤环境对土壤动物群落组成和分布影响显著。A comparative study was conducted on the differences in the community structure and diversity of soil fauna beneath and outside the canopy of shrub Pittosporum tobira, aimed to un- derstand the effects of single trees on the soil fauna community through changing micro-environ- ment. Higher taxonomic richness and abundance of soil macro-fauna were observed beneath the tree canopy than outside the tree canopy. There were no significant differences in the abundance of soil meso- and micro-fauna in the two habitats, but the rare taxa of the soil meso- and micro- fauna beneath the tree canopy were more, indicating a more complex community. The abundance of soil nematode outside the tree canopy and the abundance of Acarina beneath the tree canopy were higher, but the abundance of other taxa had no significant difference between the two habi- tats. Further analysis showed that the soil moisture content outside the tree canopy was relatively high, which benefited aquatic groups to live, but the rare taxa were less, due to the stronger hu- man disturbance. Oppositely, the soil moisture content beneath the tree canopy was lower, which fitted for xeric groups to survive, and the human disturbance was weak, leading to more rare taxa. This study indicated that tree canopy had remarkable effects on the community composition and distribution of soil fauna via affecting soil environment.

关 键 词：土壤动物 海桐 微环境 群落结构 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]