三种转Bt水稻短期种植对土壤微生物生物量和线虫群落的影响  

Effects of short-term planting of three transgenic Bt rice lines on soil microbial biomass and soil nematode assemblage

作　　者：戚琳[1] 陈法军[2] 刘满强[1] 陈小云[1] 祝向钰[2] 李辉信[1] 胡锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院土壤生态实验室,南京210095 [2]南京农业大学植物保护学院,南京210095

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2013年第4期975-980,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：转基因生物新品种培育重大专项项目(2012ZX08011002);中央高校基本科研业务经费项目(KYZ201207);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目资助

摘　　要：转基因水稻在商业化推广之前需要了解其对非靶标土壤生物的生态风险。通过2010年田间条件下种植转基因水稻HH1、T2A-1、T1C-19及其对应亲本非转基因品种MH63,研究了土壤微生物学性质及线虫数量、群落组成和生态指标的响应。结果表明,与对应亲本相比,转Bt水稻华恢1号(HH1)显著提高了土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC),3种转Bt水稻对土壤微生物生物量氮(MBN)的影响不显著,但在转基因品种之间,T2A-1和T1C-19种植后土壤MBN显著高于HH1处理。相比亲本,不同转Bt水稻品种对土壤线虫数量、营养类群组成、植物寄生线虫成熟度指数(PPI)均没有显著影响;转Bt水稻T2A-1和HH1结构指数SI均显著增加。研究表明,转Bt水稻对土壤生态系统结构和功能在短期内有显著影响。结合更长期的监测以及Bt毒素的测定将有助于全面评价转Bt水稻对土壤非靶标生物群落的生态风险。It is necessary to evaluate the ecological risks of transgenic Bt rice on soil non-target organisms before the rice is released to the market. In 2010, a field trial was conducted to inves- tigate the effects of planting three genetically modified rice lines HH1, T2A-1, and T1C-19 that expressed Bacillus thuringiensis toxin （Bt） on the soil microbial characteristics and the abun- dance, trophic groups, and ecological indices of soil nematode. After rice harvest following one year planting, genetically modified rice line HH1 increased the soil microbial biomass carbon （MBC） significantly, as compared to the non-transgenic rice parent line MH63. In contrast, the three transgenic Bt lines had minor effects on the soil microbial biomass nitrogen （MBN）, but T2A-1 and T1C-19 had great effects than I-IH1. As compared with the parent line, the three transgenic Bt lines had no significant effects on the nematode abundance, tropic group composi- tion, and plant parasite index （PPI）. Significant differences were observed in the structure index between Bt rice （T2A-1 and HH1 ） and non-Bt rice （MH63）. Our study suggested that trans- genic Bt rice could have significant effects on the structure and function of soil ecosystem in a short period. Longer term monitoring in combining with the determination of Bt toxin content in soil would help to the comprehensive evaluation of the ecological risks of transgenic Bt rice on soil non-target biotic communities.

关 键 词：转Bt水稻 土壤生物 微生物生物量 线虫群落 生态风险 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学] Q143[农业科学—农业基础科学]