贵州省贫困农村氟污染现状及贡献源分析  

Analysis of Fluoride Pollution Situation and Source in Poor Rural Areas of Guizhou Province

作　　者：刘文冬[1] 李金娟[1,2] 郭兴强[1] 蒋武明[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵阳550003 [2]中国矿业大学煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《地球与环境》2013年第2期138-142,共5页Earth and Environment

基　　金：煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室开放基金(SKLCRSM10KFA03);贵州省教育厅重点项目(黔教高发[2009]331号);贵州大学研究生创新基金资助(理工2012062)

摘　　要：选取了纳雍县四个贫困村寨(阳光、熊块、光明和红星)作为研究对象,对居民所用的炉灶、燃料及灰渣、部分食物及室内空气进行了调查和样品采集,使用氟离子选择电极法测定了样品中氟的含量,分析了氟污染的贡献量。研究结果表明,当地约有87%的农民使用无烟囱的简易敞炉和蜂窝煤炉,燃料中约80.5%为拌泥煤和蜂窝煤。块煤、粉煤、拌泥煤和蜂窝煤中氟的平均含量分别为57.85±27.64mg/kg、83.03±47.10mg/kg、199.41±113.61mg/kg和83.11±44.16mg/kg,而拌煤粘土中氟的平均含量为566.08±266.65mg/kg,最高达到1132.81mg/kg;食用的辣椒、玉米粒及玉米面中氟的平均含量分别为573.52±296.78mg/kg、23.16±12.79mg/kg和9.20±2.74mg/kg,而辣椒中的最高含量达到了1273.92mg/kg。室内空气中氟含量在采暖期和非采暖期分别为13.66±3.01μg/m3、1.28±0.76μg/m3。拌泥煤和蜂窝煤中氟的释放率分别为66.31%和43.76%。拌泥煤中的黏土中的氟仍是主要的氟源,主要通过食用辣椒进入体内。Stove and fuel types used by local households were investigated in four poor villages（Yangguang,Xiongkuai,Guangming and Hongxing） in Nayong County,and samples of ash residues,foodstuff and indoor air were collected.The fluoride concentrations of these samples were determined by fluorine ion-selective electrodes and the contributions to fluorine pollution were analyzed.The results showed that easily-made open stoves and honeycomb briquette stoves with no chimney account for about for 87%,and coal briquettes and honeycomb briquettes used account for about 80.5%.The average fluorine contents in lump coal,powdered coal,coal briquettes and honeycomb briquettes are 57.85±27.64 mg/kg,83.03±47.10 mg/kg,199.41±113.61 mg/kg,83.11±44.16 mg/kg,respectively.However,the average fluorine content of clay used in coal briquettes is 566.08±266.65 mg/kg,including one sample whose clay content is as high as 1132.81 mg/kg.The average contents of fluoride in chili,corn niblet and corn meal are 573.52±296.78 mg/kg,23.16±12.79 mg/kg and 9.20±2.74 mg/kg,respectively,with the highest value of 1273.92 mg/kg in the chili.The fluoride contents of indoor air in heating and non-heating periods are found to be 13.66±3.01 μg/m3 and 1.28±0.76 μg/m3,respectively.Fluorine release rates of coal briquettes and honeycomb briquettes are 66.31%,43.76%,respectively.Based upon the results of this study,the main source of fluoride is still found to be clay binder and the important way by which fluorine is in taken into human bodies is by chili.

关 键 词：地氟病 氟污染 燃煤 拌煤黏土 贡献源 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X501